Stenseth Nils Chr, Kirkendall Lawrence R, Moran Nancy
Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1050, Blindern, 0316, Oslo 3, Norway.
Museum of Zoology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.
Evolution. 1985 Mar;39(2):294-307. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb05667.x.
A. density- and frequency-dependent model for the evolution and maintenance of pseudogamous females is developed and analyzed. Ecological as well as evolutionary aspects of pseudogamy are discussed. Criteria are described for the stable coexistence of sexual females and pseudogamous females under natural conditions. The conditions for invasion of a normal bisexual population by pseudogamous females are less stringent than the conditions for stable coexistence. Hence, we expect that some populations will be characterized by unstable sex ratios over time (with the resulting local extinction due to lack of males) while other populations will be characterized by stable sex ratios over time. If high population sex ratios (i.e., many females to few males) are to be stable, the net population growth rate must be large, and there can be no successful male preference for sexual females.
A. 建立并分析了一个关于拟交配雌性进化与维持的密度和频率依赖模型。讨论了拟交配的生态学和进化方面。描述了在自然条件下有性雌性和拟交配雌性稳定共存的标准。拟交配雌性侵入正常双性种群的条件不如稳定共存的条件严格。因此，我们预计一些种群随时间推移将表现出不稳定的性别比例（由于缺乏雄性导致局部灭绝），而其他种群随时间推移将表现出稳定的性别比例。如果高种群性别比例（即雌性多而雄性少）要保持稳定，种群净增长率必须很大，并且雄性不能成功地偏好有性雌性。
