Niewiarowski Peter H, Dunham Arthur E
Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325-3908.
Department of Biology, Leidy Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104.
Evolution. 1998 Aug;52(4):1236-1241. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01852.x.
Using data and reanalysis of a model published by Shine and Schwarzkopf (1992) we reject the two unsubstantiated assertions made by Shine et al. (1996) about modeling the evolution of reproductive effort in squamate reptiles: (1) mortality schedules do not affect predictions of the Shine and Schwarzkopf (1992) model; and (2) growth rates that would affect the predictions of the original model are biologically unreasonable. On the basis of these two points alone, we strongly reject Shine et al.'s (1996) claim that a critique by Niewiarowski and Dunham (1994) actually reinforces the original conclusions of Shine and Schwarzkopf (1992). Furthermore, results and data presented here are strong enough to severely circumscribe the generality of the Shine and Schwarzkopf (1992) model. Though we do not provide data or new analyses of the potential effects of offspring size variation, we reaffirm the position of Niewiarowski and Dunham (1994) that the sensitivity of the Shine and Schwarzkopf (1992) model to such effects should be explored before using it as a basis for structuring future research on the evolution of reproductive effort in squamate reptiles.
通过使用Shine和Schwarzkopf（1992年）发表的一个模型的数据并对其进行重新分析，我们驳斥了Shine等人（1996年）就有鳞目爬行动物繁殖投入进化建模所提出的两个毫无根据的断言：（1）死亡率时间表不影响Shine和Schwarzkopf（1992年）模型的预测；（2）会影响原始模型预测的生长率在生物学上是不合理的。仅基于这两点，我们就强烈驳斥了Shine等人（1996年）的说法，即Niewiarowski和Dunham（1994年）的批评实际上强化了Shine和Schwarzkopf（1992年）的原始结论。此外，此处呈现的结果和数据足以严重限制Shine和Schwarzkopf（1992年）模型的通用性。尽管我们没有提供关于后代大小变化潜在影响的数据或新分析，但我们重申Niewiarowski和Dunham（1994年）的立场，即在将Shine和Schwarzkopf（1992年）模型用作构建未来关于有鳞目爬行动物繁殖投入进化研究的基础之前，应探究该模型对此类影响的敏感性。
