Stam Ed, Isaaks Anneke, Ernsting Ger
Department of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Evolution. 1998 Dec;52(6):1839-1843. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02261.x.
A Dutch population of Orchesella cincta had been demonstrated to exhibit a negative maternal effect on age at first reproduction, which caused alternation of short and long generations. The adaptive significance of such a mechanism was assumed to be associated with the bivoltine life cycle of Dutch O. cincta. We expected that it would be absent in a non bivoltine population sampled in Siena, Italy. To test this hypothesis we performed a parent-offspring regression experiment with both populations simultaneously. The experiment showed that there was no negative maternal effect in both populations. We leave open the question of the cause of the discrepancy between the previous result with the Dutch population and the present result. The results of our experiment were also used to determine heritabilities of the traits age, mass and number of molts at first reproduction, and size of the first clutch. The estimates of heritabilities were often not significantly different from zero, especially in the Italian population which had only one significant heritability.
荷兰的环带跳虫种群已被证明在首次繁殖年龄上表现出负母体效应，这导致了短世代和长世代的交替。这种机制的适应性意义被认为与荷兰环带跳虫的双化性生命周期有关。我们预计在意大利锡耶纳采集的非双化性种群中不会出现这种情况。为了验证这一假设，我们同时对两个种群进行了亲子回归实验。实验表明，两个种群中均不存在负母体效应。我们没有解决先前荷兰种群的结果与当前结果之间差异的原因这一问题。我们实验的结果还用于确定首次繁殖时的年龄、体重、蜕皮次数以及第一窝卵大小等性状的遗传力。遗传力的估计值通常与零没有显著差异，尤其是在意大利种群中，只有一个显著的遗传力。
