Price Trevor D, Helbig Andreas J, Richman Adam D
Biology Department 0116, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093.
Vogelwarte Hiddensee, D-18565, Klöster, Germany.
Evolution. 1997 Apr;51(2):552-561. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1997.tb02442.x.
Among Palearctic warblers of the genus Phylloscopus those species that breed farther north occupy larger geographical ranges than those which breed farther south (Rapoport's rule). We suggest that much of this pattern is a consequence of the differential ability of species to occupy areas rendered inhospitable during the Pleistocene. In support of this suggestion, the midpoint of breeding range in a north-south direction has been an exceptionally labile trait through evolutionary time. Comparisons of ecological attributes of those species breeding in the Himalayas with close relatives in Siberia implies a role for habitat tracking in determining which species have been able to colonize northern areas; hypotheses based on climate and climatic variability have less support. In addition there is a likely role for geographic barriers and/or biotic interactions in preventing some taxa from spreading from small southern ranges.
在柳莺属的古北界莺类中，那些在更北方繁殖的物种比在更南方繁殖的物种占据更大的地理范围（拉波波特法则）。我们认为，这种模式很大程度上是由于物种在占据更新世期间变得不适宜居住的地区时能力存在差异所致。为支持这一观点，在进化时间里，繁殖范围在南北方向上的中点一直是一个异常不稳定的特征。对在喜马拉雅山脉繁殖的物种与其在西伯利亚的近亲的生态属性进行比较，意味着栖息地追踪在决定哪些物种能够在北方地区殖民方面发挥了作用；基于气候和气候变异性的假设得到的支持较少。此外，地理屏障和/或生物相互作用在阻止一些分类群从小的南方范围扩散方面可能也起到了作用。
