SUCCESSFUL FATHERS SIRE SUCCESSFUL SONS.

The theory of sexual selection holds a central role in evolutionary biology. Its key assumption is the heritability of traits associated with reproductive success. Strong indirect evidence supporting this assumption comes from the numerous studies that have identified heritable traits associated with mating success. However, there remain only a handful of studies that have attempted to demonstrate directly that successful fathers have successful sons. We present the results of an experimental study of the mating success and phenotype of male field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and their offspring. These reveal that sons of successful males obtain significantly more copulations than sons of unsuccessful males. There was no difference in body size of sons of either group, but sons of successful males had significantly longer development times. This may represent a naturally selected cost to traits associated with success that could balance their sexually selected advantages.