Wiley R Haven, Poston Joe
Department of Biology and Curriculum in Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280.
Evolution. 1996 Aug;50(4):1371-1381. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03911.x.
When Darwin first proposed the possibility of sexual selection, he identified two mechanisms, male competition for mates and female choice of mates. Extending this classification, we distinguish two forms of mate choice, direct and indirect. This distinction clarifies the relationship between Darwin's two mechanisms and, furthermore, indicates that the potential scope for sexual selection is much wider than thus far realized. Direct mate choice, the focus of most research on sexual selection in recent decades, requires discrimination between attributes of individuals of the opposite sex. Indirect mate choice includes all other behavior or morphology that restricts an individual's set of potential mates. Possibilities for indirect mate choice include advertisement of fertility or copulation, evasive behavior, aggregation or synchronization with other individuals of the same sex, and preferences for mating in particular locations. In each of these cases, indirect mate choice sets the conditions for competition among individuals of the opposite sex and increases the chances of mating with a successful competitor. Like direct mate choice, indirect mate choice produces assortative mating. As a consequence, the genetic correlation between alleles affecting indirect choice and those affecting success in competition for mates can produce self-accelerating evolution of these complementary features of the sexes. The broad possibilities for indirect mate choice indicate that sexual selection has more pervasive influences on the coevolution of male and female characteristics than previously realized.
当达尔文首次提出性选择的可能性时，他确定了两种机制，即雄性对配偶的竞争和雌性对配偶的选择。扩展这一分类，我们区分出两种配偶选择形式，直接选择和间接选择。这种区分厘清了达尔文提出的两种机制之间的关系，此外，还表明性选择的潜在范围比目前所认识到的要广泛得多。直接配偶选择是近几十年来大多数性选择研究的重点，它要求对异性个体的特征进行区分。间接配偶选择包括所有其他限制个体潜在配偶范围的行为或形态。间接配偶选择的可能性包括生育能力或交配行为的展示、逃避行为、与同性其他个体的聚集或同步，以及对特定地点交配的偏好。在上述每种情况下，间接配偶选择为异性个体之间的竞争设定了条件，并增加了与成功竞争者交配的机会。与直接配偶选择一样，间接配偶选择也会导致选型交配。因此，影响间接选择的等位基因与影响配偶竞争成功的等位基因之间的遗传相关性会导致两性这些互补特征的自我加速进化。间接配偶选择的广泛可能性表明，性选择对雄性和雌性特征的共同进化的影响比以前所认识到的更为普遍。
