Drost S, Alam N, Houston J G, Newport D
School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Molecular & Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2017 Sep;8(3):330-341. doi: 10.1007/s13239-017-0311-4. Epub 2017 May 31.
This paper reviews applications of experimental modelling in vascular access for hemodialysis. Different techniques that are used in in-vitro experiments are bulk pressure and flow rate measurements, Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Vector Doppler Ultrasound point velocity measurements, and whole-field measurements such as Particle Image Velocimetry, Ultrasound Imaging Velocimetry, Colour Doppler Ultrasound, and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence. Of these methods, the ultrasound techniques can also be used in-vivo, to provide realistic boundary conditions to in-vitro experiments or numerical simulations. In the reviewed work, experimental modelling is mainly used to support computational models, but also in some cases as a tool on its own. It is concluded that, to further advance the utility of computational modelling in vascular access research, a rigorous verification and validation procedure should be adopted. Experimental modelling can play an important role in both in-vitro validation, and the quantification of the accuracy, uncertainty, and reproducibility of in-vivo measurement methods.
本文综述了实验建模在血液透析血管通路中的应用。体外实验中使用的不同技术包括总体压力和流速测量、激光多普勒测速法和矢量多普勒超声点速度测量，以及全场测量，如粒子图像测速法、超声成像测速法、彩色多普勒超声和平面激光诱导荧光。在这些方法中，超声技术也可用于体内，为体外实验或数值模拟提供实际边界条件。在所综述的研究中，实验建模主要用于支持计算模型，但在某些情况下也可单独作为一种工具。得出的结论是，为了进一步提高计算建模在血管通路研究中的效用，应采用严格的验证和确认程序。实验建模在体外验证以及体内测量方法的准确性、不确定性和可重复性的量化方面都可以发挥重要作用。
