Thillainayagam Muthukkumar, Venkatesan Krishnamoorthy, Dipak Rana, Subramani Saravanan, Sethuramasamyraja Balaji, Babu Rajesh Kumar
Centre for Research, Sathyabama University, Chennai, TN, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeppiaar Maamallan Engineering College, Chennai, TN, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Jul;24(20):16725-16734. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9161-8. Epub 2017 May 31.
In the Indian agricultural sector, millions of diesel-driven pump-sets were used for irrigation purposes. These engines produce carcinogenic diesel particulates, toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions which threaten the livelihood of large population of farmers in India. The present study investigates the use of n-propanol, a less-explored high carbon bio-alcohol that can be produced by sustainable pathways from industrial and crop wastes that has an attractive opportunity for powering stationary diesel engines meant for irrigation and rural electrification. This study evaluates the use of n-propanol addition in fossil diesel by up to 30% by vol. and concurrently reports the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on emissions of an agricultural DI diesel engine. Three blends PR10, PR20, and PR30 were prepared by mixing 10, 20, and 30% by vol. of n-propanol with fossil diesel. Results when compared to baseline diesel case indicated that smoke density reduced with increasing n-propanol fraction in the blends. PR10, PR20, and PR30 reduced smoke density by 13.33, 33.33, and 60%, respectively. NOx emissions increased with increasing n-propanol fraction in the blends. Later, three EGR rates (10, 20, and 30%) were employed. At any particular EGR rate, smoke density remained lower with increasing n-propanol content in the blends under increasing EGR rates. NOx reduced gradually with EGR. At 30% EGR, the blends PR10, PR20, and PR30 reduced NOx emissions by 43.04, 37.98, and 34.86%, respectively when compared to baseline diesel. CO emissions remained low but hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were high for n-propanol/diesel blends under EGR. Study confirmed that n-propanol could be used by up to 30% by vol. with diesel and the blends delivered lower soot density, NOx, and CO emissions under EGR.
在印度农业部门，数百万台柴油驱动的泵组用于灌溉目的。这些发动机产生致癌的柴油颗粒、有毒的氮氧化物（NOx）和一氧化碳（CO）排放物，威胁着印度大量农民的生计。本研究调查了正丙醇的使用情况，正丙醇是一种研究较少的高碳生物醇，可通过可持续途径由工业和农作物废料生产，对于为用于灌溉和农村电气化的固定式柴油发动机提供动力而言，具有诱人的机会。本研究评估了在化石柴油中添加高达30%（体积）的正丙醇的情况，并同时报告了废气再循环（EGR）对农用直喷柴油发动机排放的影响。通过将10%、20%和30%（体积）的正丙醇与化石柴油混合，制备了三种混合燃料PR10、PR20和PR30。与基准柴油情况相比，结果表明混合燃料中正丙醇比例增加时，烟度降低。PR10、PR20和PR30分别使烟度降低了13.33%、33.33%和60%。混合燃料中正丙醇比例增加时，NOx排放增加。后来，采用了三种EGR率（10%、20%和30%）。在任何特定的EGR率下，随着EGR率增加，混合燃料中正丙醇含量增加时，烟度仍然较低。NOx随着EGR逐渐降低。与基准柴油相比，在30%EGR时，混合燃料PR10、PR20和PR30的NOx排放分别降低了43.04%、37.98%和34.86%。在EGR条件下，正丙醇/柴油混合燃料的CO排放仍然较低，但碳氢化合物（HC）排放较高。研究证实，正丙醇与柴油混合使用时，体积比可达30%，并且在EGR条件下，混合燃料的碳烟密度、NOx和CO排放较低。
