Hillesheim Elke, Stearns Stephen C
Zoological Institute, Rheinsprung 9, 4051, Basel., SWITZERLAND.
Evolution. 1992 Jun;46(3):745-752. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02080.x.
Drosophila melanogaster that had been successfully selected on rich and poor larval medium for increased and decreased fresh weight at eclosion were tested on an intermediate medium for correlated responses in longevity, fertility, and hatchability. Larger flies laid more eggs early in life and lived shorter lives than smaller flies, which not only lived longer but also laid more eggs later in life. This supports the notion of a mortality cost of reproduction in Drosophila. The total number of eggs laid per lifetime did not differ between the two groups. The percentage of offspring hatched started at normal levels (about 50% of eggs laid), then declined rapidly in large flies. In small flies, hatchability started at a lower level early in life (40-65%), but declined less rapidly, and later in life was higher than the hatchability of eggs laid by larger flies.
在富含营养和缺乏营养的幼虫培养基上成功选育出羽化时鲜重增加和减少的黑腹果蝇，在中间培养基上测试其在寿命、繁殖力和孵化率方面的相关反应。体型较大的果蝇在生命早期产卵较多，但寿命比体型较小的果蝇短，体型较小的果蝇不仅寿命更长，而且在生命后期产卵更多。这支持了果蝇繁殖存在死亡成本的观点。两组果蝇一生所产的总卵数没有差异。孵化出的后代百分比开始时处于正常水平（约为所产卵数的50%），然后在体型较大的果蝇中迅速下降。在体型较小的果蝇中，孵化率在生命早期开始时较低（40%-65%），但下降速度较慢，且在生命后期高于体型较大的果蝇所产卵的孵化率。
