Møller Anders Pape
Department of Population Biology, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Evolution. 1996 Apr;50(2):746-752. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb03884.x.
Associations between developmental stability, sexual selection, and viability selection were studied in the domestic fly Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae). Developmental stability of the wings and tibia of flies of both sexes, measured in terms of their level of fluctuating asymmetry, was positively associated with mating success in free ranging populations and in sexual selection experiments. Mated individuals may have obtained indirect fitness benefits from sexual selection of two different kinds. First, the entomopathogenic fungus Enthomophthora muscae (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) infects and kills adult domestic flies, and flies dead from fungus infections had more asymmetric wings than flies dead for other reasons. Experimental deposition of fungus spores on uninfected flies demonstrated that flies with asymmetric wings were more susceptible to fungus infections than flies with symmetric wings. Second, domestic flies were frequently eaten by insectivorous barn swallows Hirundo rustica, and flies depredated by birds had more asymmetric wings and tibia than surviving flies.
在家蝇（双翅目，蝇科）中研究了发育稳定性、性选择和生存力选择之间的关联。通过波动不对称水平来衡量的两性家蝇翅膀和胫骨的发育稳定性，与自由放养种群以及性选择实验中的交配成功率呈正相关。交配个体可能从两种不同类型的性选择中获得了间接的适应性益处。首先，昆虫病原真菌蝇虫霉（接合菌纲，虫霉目）感染并杀死成年家蝇，因真菌感染死亡的家蝇翅膀比因其他原因死亡的家蝇更不对称。在未感染的家蝇上实验性地沉积真菌孢子表明，翅膀不对称的家蝇比翅膀对称的家蝇更容易受到真菌感染。其次，家蝇经常被食虫的家燕捕食，被鸟类捕食的家蝇翅膀和胫骨比存活的家蝇更不对称。
