Rothschild Rachel
Technol Cult. 2016;57(4):831-865. doi: 10.1353/tech.2016.0109.
During the period of détente in the 1970s, a Norwegian proposal to construct an air pollution monitoring network for the European continent resulted in the first concrete collaboration between the communist and capitalist blocs after the 1975 Helsinki Accords. Known as the "European-wide monitoring programme" or EMEP, the network earned considerable praise from diplomats for facilitating cooperation across the Iron Curtain. Yet as this article argues, EMEP was strongly influenced by the politics of détente and the constraints of the Cold War even as it helped to decrease tensions. Concerns about national security and sharing data with the enemy shaped both the construction of the monitoring network and the modeling of pollution transport. The article also proposes that environmental monitoring systems like EMEP reveal the ways in which observational technologies can affect conceptions of the natural world and the role of science in public policy.
在20世纪70年代的缓和时期，挪威提出为欧洲大陆建设一个空气污染监测网络的提议，促成了1975年《赫尔辛基协定》后共产主义阵营与资本主义阵营之间的首次具体合作。这个被称为“全欧洲监测计划”（EMEP）的网络，因促进了铁幕两侧的合作而赢得了外交官们的高度赞誉。然而，正如本文所论证的，EMEP即便有助于缓解紧张局势，也深受缓和政治和冷战限制的强烈影响。对国家安全以及与敌人共享数据的担忧，塑造了监测网络的建设以及污染传输模型。本文还提出，像EMEP这样的环境监测系统揭示了观测技术能够影响对自然世界的认知以及科学在公共政策中所起作用的方式。
