Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Göztepe, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey.
Sevinç-Erdal İnönü Foundation, Dpt of Marine Sciences, Anadoluhisarı Toplarönü No: 8, 34810 Istanbul, Turkey.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;601-602:405-424. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.179. Epub 2017 May 30.
This work was implemented to study the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish straits (TSS: Bosporus and Dardanelles straits) for the period 2010-2013 and to calculate winter and summer fluxes of nutrients (nitrates, phosphates) between the Aegean and Black Seas through the TSS. The brackish Black Sea waters reach the Dardanelles Strait with modified biochemical properties. The salinity and phosphates of the surface waters increased westwards. Biologically labile nutrients of Black Sea origin are utilized through biological processes in the Marmara Sea. On the other hand, increase of nutrients due to land based sources has led to eutrophication problems in the area. The sub surface water layer of Mediterranean origin is oxygen depleted (saturation<30%) and rich in nutrients. Higher oxygen values indicated water mixing of the Sea of Marmara during winter 2012. Ammonium was the predominant form of inorganic nitrogen. The study area has been classified from Moderate to Bad trophic status. İzmit Bay also faced serious eutrophication problems together with hypoxic conditions below the halocline. Nutrient fluxes through the TSS showed temporal variation in the upper and lower layers related to changes in both nutrient concentrations and the water mass volume fluxes. Surface nitrates and phosphates outflux from the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean Sea was higher than the influx from the Black Sea through Bosporus strait, indicating high enrichment of nutrients in the Sea of Marmara from anthropogenic sources.
本研究旨在探讨 2010-2013 年期间马尔马拉海和土耳其海峡（海峡：博斯普鲁斯海峡和达达尼尔海峡）的理化和生物特性，并计算通过海峡在爱琴海和黑海之间冬季和夏季营养盐（硝酸盐、磷酸盐）的通量。半咸的黑海海水通过博斯普鲁斯海峡进入达达尼尔海峡，其生化特性发生了变化。表层水的盐度和磷酸盐向西增加。黑海来源的生物可利用营养物质通过马尔马拉海的生物过程得到利用。另一方面，由于陆源的增加，该地区出现了富营养化问题。地中海来源的次表层水缺氧（饱和度<30%），富含营养物质。2012 年冬季，较高的氧值表明马尔马拉海发生了水混合。铵是无机氮的主要形式。研究区域的营养状态从中等到较差。伊兹密尔湾也面临着严重的富营养化问题，以及低盐度层以下的缺氧条件。海峡上下层的营养盐通量随营养盐浓度和水体体积通量的变化而发生时间变化。硝酸盐和磷酸盐从马尔马拉海向爱琴海的表面流出量高于从黑海通过博斯普鲁斯海峡的流入量，表明来自人为源的营养物质在马尔马拉海高度富集。
