Onwubu Stanley C, Vahed Anisa, Singh Shalini, Kanny Krishnan M
Dental Sciences Department, Dental Technology Programme, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban - South Africa.
Operations and Quality Management Department, Durban University of Technology (DUT), Durban - South Africa.
J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2017 Nov 10;15(4):e341-e346. doi: 10.5301/jabfm.5000361.
This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of an eggshell-based dental abrasive material.
The eggshell powder abrasive material (EPAM) was synthesized by ball milling eggshell powder and surfactants. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (PSA) were used to characterize EPAM. In addition, the abrasive characteristics of EPAM were evaluated by comparison using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer.
The FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analysis confirmed that the carbonate product was primarily calcite (97.3%) with traces of graphite 2H (1.3%) and thenardite (1.4%). The TEM imagery revealed irregular particles in EPAM. The PSA analysis of the particle size distribution showed EPAM to be a superfine powder (0.3 µm to 50 nm). In addition, the 50-nm EPAM (Ra = 0.04 µm) measured the lowest Ra value when compared with pumice (Ra = 0.08 µm).
The salient features of this study indicate that EPAM can naturally replace calcite, which is generally mined and used as a dental abrasive material. In addition, and regarding the abrasive characteristics of EPAM in reducing the surface roughness of PMMA resin specimens, this study conclusively showed that EPAM effectively reduces the surface roughness below the threshold limit value of 0.2 µm. Potentially, EPAM could reduce waste disposal problems while enabling an economic benefit from using eggshell waste material.
本研究旨在确定一种基于蛋壳的牙科研磨材料的物理化学特性。
通过将蛋壳粉与表面活性剂进行球磨来合成蛋壳粉研磨材料（EPAM）。使用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和激光衍射粒度分析仪（PSA）对EPAM进行表征。此外，通过与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）树脂比较来评估EPAM的研磨特性。使用轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度（Ra）。
FTIR光谱和XRD分析证实，碳酸盐产物主要是方解石（97.3%），含有微量石墨2H（1.3%）和无水芒硝（1.4%）。TEM图像显示EPAM中有不规则颗粒。粒度分布的PSA分析表明EPAM是一种超细粉末（0.3 µm至50 nm）。此外，与浮石（Ra = 0.08 µm）相比，50 nm的EPAM（Ra = 0.04 µm）测量的Ra值最低。
本研究的显著特征表明，EPAM可以自然替代通常开采并用作牙科研磨材料的说解石。此外，关于EPAM在降低PMMA树脂标本表面粗糙度方面的研磨特性，本研究最终表明，EPAM能有效将表面粗糙度降低到0.2 µm的阈值以下。EPAM有可能减少废物处理问题，同时能从利用蛋壳废料中获得经济效益。
