Li Lydia W, Ding Ding, Wu Bei, Dong XinQi
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, China.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017 Jul 1;72(suppl_1):S5-S10. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glx004.
This study aims to assess cognitive change in a 2-year period among U.S. Chinese older adults and examine sociodemographic characteristics associated with the change.
Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) in which 2,713 participants (aged 60 and older) received in-home interviews at both the baseline and 2-year follow-up. A battery of cognitive tests that assessed episodic memory, working memory, perceptual speed, and overall cognitive status were administered in both times. A composite global cognition was constructed using all tests. Mixed-effect regression was conducted.
Older age was associated with worse baseline cognition (ie, in all cognitive abilities) and faster decline in global cognition, episodic memory, and perceptual speed-rates of decline increased by .006, .004, and .009 standard score units, respectively, for each year older. More education was associated with better baseline cognition, but each year of additional schooling increased rates of decline in global cognition and episodic memory by .004 and .012 standard score units, respectively. Men performed better than women in most cognitive abilities at baseline but had faster rates of decline in working memory. Higher income was associated with better cognition at baseline and reduced rates of decline in working memory.
Findings suggest differences in the rates of cognitive change by age, sex, education, and income. Those in advancing age are vulnerable to cognitive decline. The effects of education and sex on baseline performance versus change suggest a role for life experiences in cognition.
本研究旨在评估美国华裔老年人在两年期间的认知变化，并研究与这种变化相关的社会人口学特征。
数据来自华裔老年人人口研究（PINE），2713名参与者（年龄在60岁及以上）在基线和两年随访时均接受了上门访谈。两次均进行了一系列评估情景记忆、工作记忆、感知速度和整体认知状态的认知测试。使用所有测试构建了一个综合的整体认知指标。进行了混合效应回归分析。
年龄较大与较差的基线认知（即所有认知能力方面）以及整体认知、情景记忆和感知速度的更快下降相关——年龄每增加一岁，下降率分别增加0.006、0.004和0.009个标准分单位。受教育程度越高与越好的基线认知相关，但每多接受一年教育，整体认知和情景记忆的下降率分别增加0.004和0.012个标准分单位。在基线时，男性在大多数认知能力方面的表现优于女性，但工作记忆的下降速度更快。较高收入与较好的基线认知相关，且工作记忆的下降率降低。
研究结果表明，认知变化率在年龄、性别、教育程度和收入方面存在差异。高龄者易出现认知衰退。教育和性别对基线表现与变化的影响表明生活经历在认知中起作用。
