McDonald Mary Anne, Creary Melissa S, Powell Jill, Daley Lori-Ann, Baker Charlotte, Royal Charmaine Dm
Center on Genomics, Race, Identity, Difference, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
J Genet Couns. 2017 Dec;26(6):1292-1300. doi: 10.1007/s10897-017-0107-6. Epub 2017 Jun 3.
Sickle cell trait (SCT) is usually benign. However, there are some conditions that may lead to SCT-related problems and put athletes with the trait at particular risk. In 2010 the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) issued a policy that required all Division I (DI) student-athletes to confirm their SCT status or sign a liability waiver to opt out of testing. Athletic trainers and team physicians play key roles in the policy implementation and we examined their perceptions and practices. Between December 2013 and March 2014 we interviewed 13 head athletic trainers and team physicians at NCAA Division I colleges and universities in North Carolina. We used an interview guide with open-ended questions covering knowledge of SCT, historical screening and education practices, current implementation, and policy benefits and challenges. Participants were knowledgeable about SCT and thought the policy was beneficial in providing SCT health information to and for student-athletes. Schools varied in provision of genetic counseling, offering the waiver, SCT tests administered, and other aspects. Challenges included: insufficient guidance from the NCAA; financial considerations; and misunderstanding of the relationships of race and ancestry to SCT risk. Athletic staff found the policy valuable, but felt it needs clarity and standardization.
镰状细胞性状（SCT）通常是良性的。然而，有些情况可能会导致与SCT相关的问题，并使具有该性状的运动员面临特殊风险。2010年，美国全国大学体育协会（NCAA）发布了一项政策，要求所有第一分区（DI）的学生运动员确认其SCT状态，或签署责任豁免书以选择不参加检测。运动训练师和队医在该政策的实施中发挥着关键作用，我们研究了他们的看法和做法。在2013年12月至2014年3月期间，我们采访了北卡罗来纳州NCAA第一分区学院和大学的13名首席运动训练师和队医。我们使用了一份访谈指南，其中包含开放式问题，涵盖SCT的知识、历史筛查和教育实践、当前实施情况以及政策的益处和挑战。参与者对SCT有一定了解，并认为该政策有助于为学生运动员提供SCT健康信息。学校在提供遗传咨询、提供豁免书、进行SCT检测以及其他方面存在差异。挑战包括：NCAA的指导不足；财务考虑；以及对种族和血统与SCT风险关系的误解。体育工作人员认为该政策有价值，但觉得它需要明确和标准化。
