Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA.
Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Amherst, NY 14260-4200, USA; Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Aug;37:94-116. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.006. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Aging is the main risk factor contributing to vascular dysfunction and the progression of vascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the causes and mechanisms of vascular aging at the tissue and cellular level. We focus on Endothelial Cell (EC) and Smooth Muscle Cell (SMC) aging due to their critical role in mediating the defective vascular phenotype. We elaborate on two categories that contribute to cellular dysfunction: cell extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors reflect systemic or environmental changes which alter EC and SMC homeostasis compromising vascular function. Intrinsic factors induce EC and SMC transformation resulting in cellular senescence. Replenishing or rejuvenating the aged/dysfunctional vascular cells is critical to the effective repair of the vasculature. As such, this review also elaborates on recent findings which indicate that stem cell and gene therapies may restore the impaired vascular cell function, reverse vascular aging, and prolong lifespan.
衰老是导致血管功能障碍和血管疾病进展的主要危险因素。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了组织和细胞水平上血管衰老的原因和机制。我们专注于内皮细胞 (EC) 和血管平滑肌细胞 (SMC) 的衰老，因为它们在介导有缺陷的血管表型方面起着关键作用。我们详细介绍了导致细胞功能障碍的两类因素：细胞外和内在因素。外在因素反映了改变 EC 和 SMC 动态平衡从而损害血管功能的全身性或环境变化。内在因素诱导 EC 和 SMC 的转化，导致细胞衰老。补充或恢复衰老/功能障碍的血管细胞对于有效修复血管至关重要。因此，这篇综述还详细介绍了最近的发现，表明干细胞和基因疗法可能恢复受损的血管细胞功能，逆转血管衰老，延长寿命。
