Verdes Aida, Gruber David F
Baruch College and The Graduate Center, PhD Program in Biology, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10010, USA.
Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, USA.
Integr Comp Biol. 2017 Jul 1;57(1):18-32. doi: 10.1093/icb/icx017.
Bioluminescence, the ability to produce light by living organisms, has evolved independently in numerous lineages across the tree of life. Luminous forms are found in a wide range of taxonomic groups from bacteria to vertebrates, although the great majority of bioluminescent organisms are marine taxa. Within the phylum Annelida, bioluminescence is widespread, present in at least 98 terrestrial and marine species that represent 45 genera distributed in thirteen lineages of clitellates and polychaetes. The ecological diversity of luminous annelids is unparalleled, with species occupying a great variety of habitats including both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, from coastal waters to the deep-sea, in benthic and pelagic habitats from polar to tropical regions. This great taxonomic and ecological diversity is matched by the wide array of bioluminescent colors-including yellow light, which is very rare among marine taxa-different emission wavelengths even between species of the same genus, and varying patterns, chemical reactions and kinetics. This diversity of bioluminescence colors and patterns suggests that light production in annelids might be involved in a variety of different functions, including defensive mechanisms like sacrificial lures or aposematic signals, and intraspecific communication systems. In this review, we explore the world of luminous annelids, particularly focusing on the current knowledge regarding their taxonomic and ecological diversity and discussing the putative functions and chemistries of their bioluminescent systems.
生物发光是生物体产生光的能力，在生命之树的众多谱系中独立进化。发光形式存在于从细菌到脊椎动物的广泛分类群中，尽管绝大多数生物发光生物是海洋类群。在环节动物门中，生物发光很普遍，至少存在于98种陆生和海洋物种中，这些物种代表了分布在寡毛纲和多毛纲13个谱系中的45个属。发光环节动物的生态多样性是无与伦比的，其物种占据了各种各样的栖息地，包括陆地和海洋生态系统，从沿海水域到深海，从极地到热带地区的底栖和浮游栖息地。这种巨大的分类学和生态多样性与生物发光颜色的广泛范围相匹配，包括黄色光（这在海洋类群中非常罕见），即使在同一属的物种之间也有不同的发射波长，以及不同的模式、化学反应和动力学。生物发光颜色和模式的这种多样性表明，环节动物的发光可能涉及多种不同的功能，包括防御机制，如牺牲诱饵或警戒信号，以及种内通讯系统。在这篇综述中，我们探索发光环节动物的世界，特别关注关于它们的分类学和生态多样性的现有知识，并讨论它们生物发光系统的假定功能和化学性质。
