Mahedy Liam, Hammerton Gemma, Teyhan Alison, Edwards Alexis C, Kendler Kenneth S, Moore Simon C, Hickman Matthew, Macleod John, Heron Jon
School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychiatry and School of Medicine, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Jun 6;12(6):e0178862. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178862. eCollection 2017.
The majority of studies that have examined parental alcohol use and offspring outcomes have either focused on exposure in the antenatal period or from clinical populations. This study sought to examine proximal and distal associations between parental alcohol use and offspring conduct problems and depressive symptoms in a population birth cohort.
We used prospective data from a large UK based population cohort (ALSPAC) to investigate the association between parental alcohol use, measured in units, (assessed at ages 4 and 12 years) with childhood conduct trajectories, (assessed on six occasions from 4 to 13.5 years, n = 6,927), and adolescent depressive symptoms (assessed on four occasions from ~13 to ~18 years, n = 5,539). Heavy drinking was defined as ≥21 units per week in mothers and partners who drank 4+ units daily.
We found little evidence to support a dose response association between parental alcohol use and offspring outcomes. For example, we found insufficient evidence to support an association between maternal alcohol use at age 4 years and childhood conduct problems (childhood limited: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = .99, 1.01; adolescent onset: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = .98, 1.00; and early-onset persistent: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = .98, 1.00) per 1-unit change in maternal alcohol use compared to those with low levels of conduct problems. We also found insufficient evidence to support an association between maternal alcohol use at age 4 years and adolescent depressive symptoms (intercept: b = .001, 95% CI = -.01, .01, and slope: b = .003, 95% CI = -.03, .03) per 1-unit change in maternal alcohol use. Results remained consistent across amount of alcohol consumed (i.e., number of alcohol units or heavy alcohol use), parent (maternal self-reports or maternal reports of partner's alcohol use), and timing of alcohol use (assessed at age 4 or age 12 years).
There is no support for an association between parental alcohol use during childhood and conduct and emotional problems during childhood or adolescence.
大多数研究父母饮酒与子女结局的研究，要么聚焦于孕期暴露，要么来自临床人群。本研究旨在探讨在一个人群出生队列中，父母饮酒与子女行为问题和抑郁症状之间的近端和远端关联。
我们使用了来自英国一个大型人群队列（ALSPAC）的前瞻性数据，以调查以单位衡量的父母饮酒情况（在4岁和12岁时评估）与儿童行为轨迹（从4岁到13.5岁分六次评估，n = 6927）以及青少年抑郁症状（从约13岁到约18岁分四次评估，n = 5539）之间的关联。重度饮酒定义为母亲和每天饮酒4个以上单位的伴侣每周饮酒≥21单位。
我们几乎没有找到证据支持父母饮酒与子女结局之间存在剂量反应关联。例如，我们没有足够的证据支持4岁时母亲饮酒量每增加1个单位与儿童行为问题之间存在关联（儿童期有限型：比值比 = 1.00，95%置信区间 = 0.99，1.01；青少年起病型：比值比 = 0.99，95%置信区间 = 0.98，1.00；早发型持续性：比值比 = 0.99，95%置信区间 = 0.98，1.00），与行为问题水平较低的儿童相比。我们也没有足够的证据支持4岁时母亲饮酒量每增加1个单位与青少年抑郁症状之间存在关联（截距：b = 0.001，95%置信区间 = -0.01，0.01；斜率：b = 0.003，95%置信区间 = -0.03，0.03）。在饮酒量（即酒精单位数量或重度饮酒情况）、父母（母亲自我报告或母亲报告的伴侣饮酒情况）以及饮酒时间（在4岁或12岁时评估）方面，结果均保持一致。
不支持儿童期父母饮酒与儿童期或青少年期的行为和情绪问题之间存在关联。
