Rangel Nelson, Forero-Castro Maribel, Rondón-Lagos Milena
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.
Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 11001000, Colombia.
Genes (Basel). 2017 Jun 3;8(6):155. doi: 10.3390/genes8060155.
Recently, non-clonal chromosomal alterations previously unappreciated are being proposed to be included in cytogenetic practice. The aim of this inclusion is to obtain a greater understanding of chromosomal instability (CIN) and tumor heterogeneity and their role in cancer evolution and therapy response. Although several genetic assays have allowed the evaluation of the variation in a population of cancer cells, these assays do not provide information at the level of individual cells, therefore limiting the information of the genomic diversity within tumors (heterogeneity). The karyotype is one of the few available cytogenetic techniques that allow us not only to identify the chromosomal alterations present within a single cell, but also allows us to profile both clonal (CCA) and non-clonal chromosomal alterations (NCCAs). A greater understanding of CIN and tumor heterogeneity in cancer could not only improve existing therapeutic regimens but could also be used as targets for the design of new therapeutic approaches. In this review we indicate the importance and significance of karyotypic chaos, NCCAs and CIN in the prognosis of human cancers.
最近，有人提议将以前未被重视的非克隆性染色体改变纳入细胞遗传学实践。纳入这些改变的目的是更深入地了解染色体不稳定性（CIN）和肿瘤异质性及其在癌症演变和治疗反应中的作用。尽管几种基因检测方法能够评估癌细胞群体中的变异情况，但这些检测方法无法提供单个细胞水平的信息，因此限制了肿瘤内基因组多样性（异质性）的信息获取。核型分析是少数可用的细胞遗传学技术之一，它不仅能让我们识别单个细胞内存在的染色体改变，还能让我们描绘克隆性染色体改变（CCA）和非克隆性染色体改变（NCCA）。对癌症中CIN和肿瘤异质性的更深入了解不仅可以改进现有的治疗方案，还可以作为设计新治疗方法的靶点。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了核型混乱、NCCA和CIN在人类癌症预后中的重要性和意义。
