Boyne P J
Postgrad Med. 1985 Apr;77(5):99-102, 106-11. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1985.11698950.
Early local care of maxillofacial trauma involves identification and diagnosis of the injuries and early consultation with the appropriate specialists (ie, plastic surgeon, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon). Treatment of the injuries should proceed from the inside mucosal surface toward the cutaneous surface of the face, after occlusal patterns have been established and preliminary fixation of maxillary and mandibular fractures has been effected. Closure of through-and-through lacerations from the inside out and establishment of the mandible as a stable plane against which the remainder of the face may be oriented (the "inside out and bottom up" approach) provide an excellent basis for later definitive rehabilitation.
颌面部创伤的早期局部处理包括损伤的识别与诊断，以及尽早咨询相关专科医生（如整形外科医生、眼科医生、耳鼻喉科医生、口腔颌面外科医生）。在确定咬合关系并初步固定上颌骨和下颌骨骨折后，损伤的处理应从面部黏膜内表面向皮肤表面进行。由内而外缝合贯通伤，并将下颌骨作为一个稳定平面，使面部其余部分可据此定位（“由内而外、由下而上”方法），这为后期的确定性康复奠定了良好基础。
