Wilkins Daniel, Dieppe C
General Duties Medical Officer, Chester, UK.
Responsible Officer (Army), Camberley, UK.
J R Army Med Corps. 2017 Dec;163(6):366-370. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2016-000732. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
Under the laws of armed conflict military medics are deemed non-combatants, and as such are subject to certain protections and limitations. The non-combatant status is defined in the famous Geneva Conventions, which form the basis of the international law of armed conflict. The protections afforded to medical personnel in armed conflict are a result of the need to protect and treat the sick and injured during times of hostility. This paper describes the history and legal development of the non-combatant status, and summarises the importance and implications of the contents of the Geneva Conventions that are relevant to medical personnel as non-combatants. We conclude that, despite scope for criticism of its relevance in contemporary operations, the non-combatant status for medical personnel highlights our commitment to alleviating suffering in armed conflict, and provides a vital legal basis to protect those who serve to treat the sick and injured. The ultimate beneficiaries of this protected status for medical personnel are our patients themselves. This paper also aims to stimulate debate and discussion of the importance of the non-status amongst military medical personnel.
根据武装冲突法,军事医护人员被视为非战斗人员,因此受到某些保护和限制。非战斗人员地位在著名的《日内瓦公约》中予以界定,该公约构成了武装冲突国际法律的基础。在武装冲突中给予医务人员保护,是出于在敌对时期保护和治疗伤病员的需要。本文阐述了非战斗人员地位的历史和法律发展,并总结了《日内瓦公约》中与作为非战斗人员的医务人员相关内容的重要性和影响。我们的结论是,尽管有人批评其在当代行动中的相关性,但医务人员的非战斗人员地位凸显了我们减轻武装冲突中痛苦的承诺,并为保护那些致力于治疗伤病员的人员提供了至关重要的法律依据。这种医务人员受保护地位的最终受益者是我们的患者本身。本文还旨在激发军事医务人员对非战斗人员地位重要性的辩论和讨论。