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恶性高血压作为血栓性微血管病的罕见病因。

Malignant hypertension as a rare cause of thrombotic microangiopathy.

作者信息

Thind Guramrinder, Kailasam Karthik

机构信息

Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.

出版信息

BMJ Case Rep. 2017 Jun 8;2017:bcr-2017-220457. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220457.

Abstract

Malignant hypertension can occasionally be associated with microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. A 38-year-old male presented with nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and oliguria for 2 weeks. He was diagnosed with hypertensive emergency with cardiac and renal dysfunction. Interestingly, further workup was diagnostic for the presence of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA): haemoglobin =12.7 g/dL, indirect bilirubin =2.0 mg/dL, haptoglobin ≤6 mg/dL, platelet count =121 000/μL and schistocytes on peripheral smear. At the outset, the cause of TMA was unclear. Patient denied having diarrhoea, making haemolytic uremic syndrome less likely. A normal ADAMTS13 activity test ruled out thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura. Malignant hypertension induced TMA was highest on the differential and plasma exchange was deferred. Renal biopsy revealed features of TMA and malignant nephrosclerosis. Patient eventually became dialysis dependent. Aggressive blood pressure control was obtained with multiple medications.

摘要

恶性高血压偶尔可伴有微血管病性溶血性贫血。一名38岁男性出现恶心、呕吐、食欲不振和少尿2周。他被诊断为伴有心肾功能不全的高血压急症。有趣的是,进一步检查诊断为血栓性微血管病(TMA):血红蛋白=12.7g/dL,间接胆红素=2.0mg/dL,触珠蛋白≤6mg/dL,血小板计数=121000/μL,外周血涂片可见破碎红细胞。一开始,TMA的病因尚不清楚。患者否认腹泻,故溶血性尿毒症综合征的可能性较小。正常的ADAMTS13活性检测排除了血栓性血小板减少性紫癜。鉴别诊断中恶性高血压所致TMA的可能性最大,血浆置换被推迟。肾活检显示TMA和恶性肾硬化的特征。患者最终依赖透析。通过多种药物积极控制血压。

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