Nieber K, Oehme P
Z Gesamte Inn Med. 1985 Feb 1;40(3):61-5.
Biochemical and pharmacological findings indicate an activation of the opioid system under certain stress influences. In this paper findings are discussed, according to which the activation of the opioid system depends on the temporary distribution pattern and the kind of the stressor. In response to stress opioid peptides are involved in excitatory and inhibitory processes. The participation of different types of opioids in central and peripheral stress-induced effects is discussed. Some findings suggest that beta-endorphin acts mainly centrally rather than peripherally, whereas the enkephalins take part in peripheral regulatory processes (gastrointestinal system, adrenal glands). Now there is evidence that the endogenous opioids modulate stress-induced effects, but there has been much controversy on how this fact should be established. These controversies mainly resulted from the many factors that influence activation.
生化和药理学研究结果表明，在某些应激影响下阿片系统会被激活。本文将讨论相关研究结果，即阿片系统的激活取决于应激源的暂时分布模式和类型。应激时，阿片肽参与兴奋和抑制过程。文中还讨论了不同类型阿片类物质在中枢和外周应激诱导效应中的作用。一些研究结果表明，β-内啡肽主要在中枢而非外周发挥作用，而脑啡肽则参与外周调节过程（胃肠系统、肾上腺）。目前有证据表明内源性阿片类物质可调节应激诱导效应，但对于如何证实这一事实存在诸多争议。这些争议主要源于影响激活的众多因素。
