University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6058.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2018 Jun 1;10(6):a033274. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033274.
TGF-β family ligands function in inducing and patterning many tissues of the early vertebrate embryonic body plan. Nodal signaling is essential for the specification of mesendodermal tissues and the concurrent cellular movements of gastrulation. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling patterns tissues along the dorsal-ventral axis and simultaneously directs the cell movements of convergence and extension. After gastrulation, a second wave of Nodal signaling breaks the symmetry between the left and right sides of the embryo. During these processes, elaborate regulatory feedback between TGF-β ligands and their antagonists direct the proper specification and patterning of embryonic tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of TGF-β family signaling in these processes. Although we cover principles that are involved in the development of all vertebrate embryos, we focus specifically on three popular model organisms: the mouse , the African clawed frog of the genus , and the zebrafish , highlighting the similarities and differences between these species.
TGF-β 家族配体在诱导和塑造早期脊椎动物胚胎体模式的许多组织中发挥作用。Nodal 信号对于中胚层组织的特化和原肠胚形成的细胞运动是必不可少的。骨形态发生蛋白 (BMP) 信号沿背腹轴组织，并同时指导汇聚和延伸的细胞运动。原肠胚形成后，第二波 Nodal 信号打破了胚胎左右两侧的对称性。在这些过程中，TGF-β 配体及其拮抗剂之间的精细调控反馈指导胚胎组织的正确特化和模式形成。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 TGF-β 家族信号在这些过程中的功能和调节的最新知识。虽然我们涵盖了所有脊椎动物胚胎发育所涉及的原则，但我们特别关注三种流行的模式生物：鼠、爪蟾属非洲爪蟾和斑马鱼，突出了这些物种之间的相似性和差异。
