Pavlicek Rebecca L, Crane Nicole J, Ghebremedhin Meron, Cilwa Katherine E, Elster Eric A
Naval Medical Research Center-Asia, Singapore, Singapore.
The Department of Surgery at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences & The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1616:249-261. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7037-7_17.
Current clinical methodology for identification of bacterial infections relies predominantly on culturing microbes from patient material and performing biochemical tests. This can often be an inefficient and lengthy process, which has a significant detrimental effect upon patient care. Techniques used in other aspects of molecular research have the potential to revolutionize the way in which diagnostic tests are used and delivered in the clinical setting. The need for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective molecular techniques in the diagnostic laboratory is imperative to improving patient care, preventing the spread of drug resistance and decreasing the overall burden associated with nosocomial infections. Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are powerful vibrational spectroscopy techniques that are being developed for highly sensitive pathogen identification in complex clinical samples. Raman spectroscopy is a molecular technique that is capable of probing samples noninvasively and nondestructively. It has been used with high specificity to assess tissue and bacterial samples at the molecular level with diverse clinical and diagnostic applications. SERS has recently developed out of the advances in the Raman spectroscopy arena. This technique is designed to amplify Raman scattering and allows for better differentiation of bacterial isolates. Although the current parameters for the use of SERS require a pure culture and are relatively monoparametric, current breakthroughs and testing are pushing the technology to new levels and thus changing the face of modern bacterial diagnostics.
目前用于识别细菌感染的临床方法主要依赖于从患者样本中培养微生物并进行生化测试。这通常是一个低效且耗时的过程，对患者护理有显著的不利影响。分子研究其他方面所使用的技术有可能彻底改变临床环境中诊断测试的使用和提供方式。诊断实验室迫切需要快速、准确且经济高效的分子技术，以改善患者护理、防止耐药性传播并减轻与医院感染相关的总体负担。拉曼光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）是强大的振动光谱技术，正在被开发用于在复杂临床样本中进行高灵敏度病原体识别。拉曼光谱是一种能够对样本进行非侵入性和非破坏性探测的分子技术。它已被高度特异性地用于在分子水平评估组织和细菌样本，具有多种临床和诊断应用。SERS最近是在拉曼光谱领域的进展基础上发展起来的。该技术旨在放大拉曼散射，并能更好地区分细菌分离株。尽管目前使用SERS的参数需要纯培养且相对单一参数，但当前的突破和测试正在将该技术推向新高度，从而改变现代细菌诊断的面貌。
