Yang Edward, Chu Winnie C W, Lee Edward Y
Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Radiol Clin North Am. 2017 Jul;55(4):609-627. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2017.02.005.
For general radiologists, congenital brain malformations pose substantial challenges in terms of recognition, description, and classification. This review describes a practical approach to imaging and classifying the most common supratentorial brain malformations. It begins with a discussion of embryology and optimal imaging technique and then summarizes distinguishing imaging features for several major categories of cerebral malformation, including holoprosencephaly, gray matter heterotopia, lissencephaly/pachygyria, focal cortical dysplasia, polymicrogyria, and cobblestone malformation. The importance of identifying abnormalities in the corpus callosum and basal ganglia is also discussed, both for detection and characterization of cerebral malformations.
对于普通放射科医生而言,先天性脑畸形在识别、描述和分类方面带来了巨大挑战。本综述介绍了一种对最常见幕上脑畸形进行成像和分类的实用方法。首先讨论了胚胎学和最佳成像技术,然后总结了几大类脑畸形(包括前脑无裂畸形、灰质异位症、无脑回/巨脑回畸形、局灶性皮质发育不良、多小脑回畸形和鹅卵石样畸形)的鉴别成像特征。还讨论了识别胼胝体和基底神经节异常对于脑畸形检测和特征描述的重要性。