Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53703, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53703, USA; Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Neuroimage. 2017 Aug 15;157:288-296. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.015. Epub 2017 Jun 8.
Studies consistently implicate aberrance of the brain's reward-processing and decision-making networks in disorders featuring high levels of impulsivity, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorder, and psychopathy. However, less is known about the neurobiological determinants of individual differences in impulsivity in the general population. In this study of 105 healthy adults, we examined relationships between impulsivity and three neurobiological metrics - gray matter volume, resting-state functional connectivity, and spontaneous eye-blink rate, a physiological indicator of central dopaminergic activity. Impulsivity was measured both by performance on a task of behavioral inhibition (go/no-go task) and by self-ratings of attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Overall, we found that less gray matter in medial orbitofrontal cortex and paracingulate gyrus, greater resting-state functional connectivity between nodes of the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical network, and lower spontaneous eye-blink rate were associated with greater impulsivity. Specifically, less prefrontal gray matter was associated with higher BIS-11 motor and non-planning impulsivity scores, but was not related to task performance; greater correlated resting-state functional connectivity between the basal ganglia and thalamus, motor cortices, and prefrontal cortex was associated with worse no-go trial accuracy on the task and with higher BIS-11 motor impulsivity scores; lower spontaneous eye-blink rate was associated with worse no-go trial accuracy and with higher BIS-11 motor impulsivity scores. These data provide evidence that individual differences in impulsivity in the general population are related to variability in multiple neurobiological metrics in the brain's reward-processing and decision-making networks.
研究一致表明，大脑奖励处理和决策网络的异常与高度冲动性障碍有关，例如注意力缺陷多动障碍、物质使用障碍和精神病。然而，对于一般人群中冲动性个体差异的神经生物学决定因素知之甚少。在这项对 105 名健康成年人的研究中，我们研究了冲动性与三个神经生物学指标之间的关系——灰质体积、静息态功能连接和自发性眨眼率，这是一种中枢多巴胺能活动的生理指标。冲动性通过行为抑制任务（go/no-go 任务）的表现和使用巴瑞特冲动量表（BIS-11）对注意力、运动和非计划冲动的自我评分来衡量。总的来说，我们发现内侧眶额皮层和旁扣带回的灰质体积减少、基底节-丘脑-皮层网络节点之间的静息态功能连接增加以及自发性眨眼率降低与冲动性增加有关。具体来说，前额叶灰质减少与 BIS-11 运动和非计划冲动得分较高有关，但与任务表现无关；基底节和丘脑、运动皮层和前额叶之间的静息态功能连接增加与任务中 no-go 试验准确性较差和 BIS-11 运动冲动得分较高有关；自发性眨眼率降低与 no-go 试验准确性较差和 BIS-11 运动冲动得分较高有关。这些数据提供了证据，表明一般人群中冲动性的个体差异与大脑奖励处理和决策网络中多个神经生物学指标的变异性有关。
