Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
Neuroimage. 2020 Nov 1;221:117149. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117149. Epub 2020 Jul 11.
Selective attention, the ability to filter relevant from a sea of sensory information, relies on the prioritization of goal-relevant information (target facilitation) and the suppression of goal-irrelevant information (distractor suppression). Although several lines of evidence have shown that target facilitation and distractor suppression were mediated by distinct mechanisms, the underlying neural substrates remain unclear. To address this question, we acquired structural and resting-state magnetic resonance imaging scans, as well as behavioral data from a modified Posner cueing task. Specifically, the location of a target (Target Cue, TC) and a distractor (Distractor Cue, DC) was either cued in advance to separately trigger target facilitation and distractor suppression, or no predictive information was provided, serving as a baseline. We combined voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses to explore the neural correlates of behavioral benefits, yielding the following results. First, behavioral data showed faster responses to TC and DC conditions compared to baseline, the benefits of which were named TC-benefit and DC-benefit. Second, the VBM analysis revealed that the gray matter volume (GMV) in the superior frontal (SFG) and postcentral gyrus inversely correlated with individual TC-benefit, while the GMV in the superior parietal lobe, middle frontal gyrus, and angular gyrus inversely correlated with individual DC-benefit, indicating that target facilitation and distractor suppression was associated with the GMV of distinct and distributed regions in the frontoparietal cortex. Third, the rsFC analysis with the SFG as a seed region further found distinct patterns of rsFC for target facilitation and distractor suppression. Specifically, individual TC-benefit were positively correlated with distributed connections between the SFG and brain regions, mainly within the ventral attention and somato-motor network; but individual DC-benefit were positively correlated with centralized connections between the SFG and brain regions, mainly within the frontoparietal, dorsal attention and ventral attention network. Finally, a multiple linear regression analysis showed that the GMV and rsFC could jointly explain individual differences in TC- and DC-benefit. Taken together, these results provided neural evidence for different structural and functional substrates underlying target facilitation and distractor suppression.
选择性注意，即从大量感觉信息中过滤相关信息的能力，依赖于目标相关信息的优先级（目标促进）和目标不相关信息的抑制（分心抑制）。尽管有几条证据表明目标促进和分心抑制是由不同的机制介导的，但潜在的神经基质仍不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们采集了结构和静息态磁共振成像扫描以及来自改良的 Posner 线索任务的行为数据。具体来说，目标（目标线索，TC）和分心（分心线索，DC）的位置要么提前提示，分别触发目标促进和分心抑制，要么不提供预测信息，作为基线。我们结合基于体素的形态测量学（VBM）和静息态功能连接（rsFC）分析来探索行为益处的神经相关性，得出以下结果。首先，行为数据显示 TC 和 DC 条件下的反应比基线更快，这些益处分别称为 TC-益处和 DC-益处。其次，VBM 分析显示，额上回（SFG）和中央后回的灰质体积（GMV）与个体 TC-益处呈负相关，而顶叶上回、额中回和角回的 GMV 与个体 DC-益处呈负相关，表明目标促进和分心抑制与额顶叶皮质的不同和分布式区域的 GMV 有关。第三，以 SFG 为种子区域的 rsFC 分析进一步发现了目标促进和分心抑制的 rsFC 存在不同的模式。具体来说，个体 TC-益处与 SFG 与大脑区域之间的分布式连接呈正相关，主要位于腹侧注意和躯体运动网络；而个体 DC-益处与 SFG 与大脑区域之间的集中式连接呈正相关，主要位于额顶叶、背侧注意和腹侧注意网络。最后，多元线性回归分析表明，GMV 和 rsFC 可以共同解释 TC-和 DC-益处的个体差异。总之，这些结果为目标促进和分心抑制的不同结构和功能基础提供了神经证据。
