Ackerknecht Markus, Gollmer Kathrin, Germann Philipp, Ficht Xenia, Abe Jun, Fukui Yoshinori, Swoger Jim, Ripoll Jorge, Sharpe James, Stein Jens V
Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
J Immunol. 2017 Jul 15;199(2):520-530. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601148. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
Parenchymal migration of naive CD4 T cells in lymph nodes (LNs) is mediated by the Rac activator DOCK2 and PI3Kγ and is widely assumed to facilitate efficient screening of dendritic cells (DCs) presenting peptide-MHCs (pMHCs). Yet how CD4 T cell motility, DC density, and pMHC levels interdependently regulate such interactions has not been comprehensively examined. Using intravital imaging of reactive LNs in DC-immunized mice, we show that pMHC levels determined the occurrence and timing of stable CD4 T cell-DC interactions. Despite the variability in interaction parameters, ensuing CD4 T cell proliferation was comparable over a wide range of pMHC levels. Unexpectedly, decreased intrinsic motility of DOCK2 CD4 T cells did not impair encounters with DCs in dense paracortical networks and, instead, increased interaction stability, whereas PI3Kγ deficiency had no effect on interaction parameters. In contrast, intravital and whole-organ imaging showed that DOCK2-driven T cell motility was required to detach from pMHC DCs and to find rare pMHC DCs. In sum, our data uncover flexible signal integration by scanning CD4 T cells, suggesting a search strategy evolved to detect low-frequency DCs presenting high cognate pMHC levels.
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