Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2018 Apr;102(2):410-420. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12747. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of milk thistle meal on performance, blood biochemical indices, ileal bacterial counts and intestinal histology in laying hens fed diets containing different levels of metabolizable energy. A total number of 200 Leghorn laying hens (Hy-Line W-36) were randomly assigned to eight experimental treatments with five cage replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of four levels of milk thistle meal (0%, 15%, 30% and 60%) and two levels of AME (11.09 and 12.34 MJ/kg) fed over a period of 80 days. In vitro studies revealed that the total phenolic component of milk thistle meal was 470.64 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of the sample, and its antioxidant activity for inhibiting the 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrichydrazyl free radical and reducing ferric ions was about 21% higher than that of butylated hydroxyltoluene (p < .05). Diets containing high level of AME led to improved egg production (p < .05), egg weight (p < .05), egg mass (p < .01) and feed conversion ratio (p < .01). In addition, offering diets containing high energy significantly enhanced (p < .01) serum triglyceride and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as jejunal villus height. Dietary supplementation of 3% milk thistle meal resulted in the best feed conversion ratio (p < .05), reduction of ileal Escherichia coli enumeration (p < .01) and an enhancement in the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (p < .05). Furthermore, feeding incremental levels of this meal led to remarkable decrease in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and MDA (p < .01) concentrations while significant increase in blood high-density lipoprotein content and goblet cell numbers (p < .05). The present findings indicate that milk thistle meal with high antioxidant and antibacterial properties in laying hen diets may improve health indices and productive performance.
本研究旨在评估不同水平的奶蓟草粉对代谢能水平不同的蛋鸡日粮性能、血液生化指标、回肠细菌计数和肠道组织学的影响。将 200 只海兰褐蛋鸡（Hy-Line W-36）随机分为 8 个实验组，每个实验组 5 个重复，每个重复 5 只鸡。日粮处理包括 4 个水平的奶蓟草粉（0%、15%、30%和 60%）和 2 个代谢能水平（11.09 和 12.34 MJ/kg），试验期为 80 天。体外研究表明，奶蓟草粉的总酚类成分为 470.64 mg 没食子酸当量/样品，其抗氧化活性抑制 2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基自由基和还原铁离子的活性比叔丁基对苯二酚（BHT）高约 21%（p <.05）。高代谢能水平的日粮可提高产蛋率（p <.05）、蛋重（p <.05）、蛋质量（p <.01）和饲料转化率（p <.01）。此外，提供高能量日粮可显著提高（p <.01）血清甘油三酯和丙二醛（MDA）浓度以及空肠绒毛高度。日粮中添加 3%的奶蓟草粉可获得最佳的饲料转化率（p <.05），降低回肠大肠杆菌计数（p <.01），增加绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值（p <.05）。此外，随着奶蓟草粉水平的增加，血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和 MDA 浓度显著降低（p <.01），而血液高密度脂蛋白含量和杯状细胞数量显著增加（p <.05）。这些结果表明，在蛋鸡日粮中添加具有高抗氧化和抗菌特性的奶蓟草粉可能改善健康指标和生产性能。
