Fransson Caroline, Johansson Stefan, Halvorsen Cecilia
Sachsska Barnsjukhuset - Stockholm, Sweden - Sachsska Barn- och Ungdomssjukhuset, Södersjukhuset Stockholm, Sweden.
- Lidingö, Sweden - Lidingö, Sweden.
Lakartidningen. 2017 Jun 9;114:ELXF.
The ABC of paediatric ECG interpretation In paediatric patients, ECG is used as a tool for investigation of arrhythmias, chest pain, syncope, intoxications and congenital heart abnormalities. Paediatric ECGs differ significantly from adult ECGs, and change gradually during childhood, largely because of the changes that start with the transition of foetal circulation at birth. This evolution is most prominent during the first year of life, but it is not until the late adolescent years that the ECG corresponds to that of adults. This article focuses on practical paediatric ECG interpretation. The first section presents normal age-related values for different ECG parameters. For example, in small children heart rate is higher, QRS-complexes narrower, T-waves in right precordial leads are negative, and the electrical axis rightward. Then, pathological changes in ECG are presented, e.g. tachy- and bradyarrhythmias, ST changes and long QT. Finally, we suggest which patients to refer to a specialist in paediatric cardiology.
儿科心电图解读基础 在儿科患者中，心电图被用作调查心律失常、胸痛、晕厥、中毒及先天性心脏异常的工具。儿科心电图与成人心电图有显著差异，且在儿童期会逐渐变化，这主要是由于出生时胎儿循环转变所引发的变化。这种演变在生命的第一年最为显著，但直到青少年晚期心电图才与成人的心电图相符。本文重点关注儿科心电图的实际解读。第一部分介绍了不同心电图参数与年龄相关的正常数值。例如，幼儿心率较高、QRS波群较窄、右胸前导联T波为负且电轴右偏。然后，介绍了心电图的病理变化，如快速性和缓慢性心律失常、ST段改变及长QT间期。最后，我们建议了哪些患者应转诊至儿科心脏病专家处。
