Agrawal Abhinav, Sahni Sonu, Vulisha Abhinav K, Gumpeni Rammohan, Shah Rakesh, Talwar Arunabh
Monmouth Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 300 Second Avenue Long Branch, NJ 07740, United States; Northwell Health, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 410 Lakeville Rd. Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, United States.
Northwell Health, Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, 410 Lakeville Rd. Suite 107, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, United States; Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Primary Care, New York, NY 10027, United States.
Respir Med. 2017 Jul;128:65-69. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.05.006. Epub 2017 May 16.
Urothelial carcinoma (Transitional cell carcinoma) of the bladder is the pre-dominant histological type of bladder cancer in the United States and Europe. Patients with bladder cancer usually present with painless hematuria. The diagnosis is often delayed, as the symptoms are similar to various other benign conditions such as urinary tract infection, prostatitis or renal calculi. In some patients, the metastatic lesions will cause the initial presenting symptoms. We conducted a MedLine/PubMED search identifying all relevant articles with "pulmonary manifestations", "urothelial bladder cancer", "manifestations of bladder cancer" or a combination of these terms in the title. The pulmonary manifestations of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder include metastatic disease including cavitary lesions, endobronchial, pleural, or lymph node metastasis pleural effusion and chylothorax. Pulmonary embolism and tumor embolism is another manifestation of this cancer. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Gurin therapy for bladder cancer has been associated with a range of adverse effects including the systemic spread of Bacilli Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy affecting the lungs. Other drugs used to treat bladder cancer can be associated with drug-related pneumonitis. Other rare manifestations include a sarcoid like reaction and systemic granulomatous disease to Bacilli Calmette-Guérin therapy. In this review we discuss the various pulmonary manifestations of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. A high index of suspicion with these presentations can lead to an early diagnosis and assist in instituting an appropriate intervention.
膀胱尿路上皮癌（移行细胞癌）是美国和欧洲膀胱癌最主要的组织学类型。膀胱癌患者通常表现为无痛性血尿。由于症状与其他各种良性疾病（如尿路感染、前列腺炎或肾结石）相似，诊断往往会延迟。在一些患者中，转移性病变会导致最初出现的症状。我们进行了一项医学在线/医学期刊数据库搜索，找出所有标题中含有“肺部表现”“膀胱尿路上皮癌”“膀胱癌表现”或这些术语组合的相关文章。膀胱尿路上皮癌的肺部表现包括转移性疾病，如空洞性病变、支气管内、胸膜或淋巴结转移、胸腔积液和乳糜胸。肺栓塞和肿瘤栓塞是这种癌症的另一种表现。膀胱内卡介苗治疗膀胱癌与一系列不良反应有关，包括卡介苗免疫疗法的全身播散影响肺部。用于治疗膀胱癌的其他药物可能与药物相关性肺炎有关。其他罕见表现包括对卡介苗治疗的类肉瘤样反应和全身性肉芽肿病。在本综述中，我们讨论膀胱尿路上皮癌的各种肺部表现。对这些表现保持高度怀疑指数可导致早期诊断，并有助于进行适当干预。
