Liu An, Carroll Steven, Dawes Les, Goonetilleke Ashantha
College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Jul;189(7):336. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6047-7. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Protection of surface water quality is a key driver in catchment management, particularly for areas undergoing land use change. Changing land use can result in the input of a range of pollutants to surface waters, resulting in water quality impairment, leading to eutrophication and the appearance of algae blooms. This study investigated a mixed land use coastal catchment by undertaking extensive field sampling and data analysis for pollutant source characterisation. The objective was to contribute to a greater understanding of pollutant inputs to surface water resources and for effective catchment management. Based on data analysis results, a diversity of pollutant sources was noted, including both natural areas and areas subject to anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and urban developments, with agricultural areas being comparatively more significant in exporting nutrients. Additionally, pollutant inputs into estuarine and freshwater areas were found to have specific characteristics influenced by land use. The pollutant inputs from these sources were found to be significantly affected by seasonal factors, with the dominant pollutant sources differing between the wet and dry seasons. This underlines the importance of taking seasonal factors into account in the development of effective catchment management strategies. Based on the study outcomes, a critical point monitoring program was developed with a focus on preventing algae blooms. This will allow the development of a decentralised catchment management strategy where resource-efficient monitoring of critical pollutant parameters at key locations can be undertaken for minimising the risk from algae blooms, rather than implementing a whole of catchment and resource-demanding large-scale monitoring program.
保护地表水水质是流域管理的关键驱动力，对于正在经历土地利用变化的地区尤为如此。土地利用的变化会导致一系列污染物进入地表水，从而导致水质恶化，进而引发富营养化和藻类大量繁殖。本研究通过进行广泛的实地采样和数据分析以表征污染物来源，对一个混合土地利用的沿海流域进行了调查。目的是促进对地表水资源污染物输入的更深入了解，并实现有效的流域管理。基于数据分析结果，发现了多种污染物来源，包括自然区域以及受农业和城市发展等人为活动影响的区域，其中农业区域在输出养分方面相对更为显著。此外，发现进入河口和淡水区域的污染物输入具有受土地利用影响的特定特征。这些来源的污染物输入受到季节因素的显著影响，干湿季的主要污染物来源有所不同。这凸显了在制定有效的流域管理策略时考虑季节因素的重要性。基于研究结果，制定了一个以防止藻类大量繁殖为重点的临界点监测计划。这将有助于制定分散式流域管理策略，即在关键地点对关键污染物参数进行资源高效监测，以尽量降低藻类大量繁殖的风险，而不是实施整个流域且耗费资源的大规模监测计划。
