Lamb H Richard, Weinberger Linda E
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; and USC Institute of Psychiatry, Law and Behavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A.
Behav Sci Law. 2017 Jul;35(4):303-318. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2292. Epub 2017 Jun 14.
This article begins with the history of the rise and fall of the state hospitals and subsequent criminalization of persons with serious mental illness (SMI). Currently, there is a belief among many that incarceration has not been as successful as hoped in reducing crime and drug use, both for those with and those without SMI. Moreover, overcrowding in correctional facilities has become a serious problem necessitating a solution. Consequently, persons with SMI in the criminal justice system are now being released in large numbers to the community and hopefully treated by public sector mental health. The issues to consider when releasing incarcerated persons with SMI into the community are as follows: diversion and mental health courts; the expectation that the mental health system will assume responsibility; providing asylum and sanctuary; the capabilities, limitations, and realistic treatment goals of community outpatient psychiatric treatment for offenders with SMI; the need for structure; the use of involuntary commitments, including assisted outpatient treatment, conservatorship and guardianship; liaison between treatment and criminal justice personnel; appropriately structured, monitored, and supportive housing; management of violence; and 24-hour structured in-patient care. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
本文开篇讲述了州立医院兴衰的历史以及随后对严重精神疾病患者的刑事定罪情况。目前，许多人认为，无论是对有严重精神疾病的人还是没有严重精神疾病的人来说，监禁在减少犯罪和吸毒方面并未达到预期的成功效果。此外，惩教设施过度拥挤已成为一个亟待解决的严重问题。因此，刑事司法系统中的严重精神疾病患者现在正大量被释放到社区，并有望得到公共部门心理健康服务的治疗。将被监禁的严重精神疾病患者释放到社区时需要考虑的问题如下：分流与心理健康法庭；期望心理健康系统承担责任；提供庇护所；为患有严重精神疾病的罪犯提供社区门诊精神科治疗的能力、局限性和现实治疗目标；对结构化的需求；非自愿住院治疗的使用，包括辅助门诊治疗、监护和托管；治疗人员与刑事司法人员之间的联络；结构合理、受到监管且提供支持的住房；暴力管理；以及24小时结构化住院护理。版权所有© 2017约翰·威利父子有限公司。
