Mon Myo Myo, Saw Saw, Nu-Oo Yin Thet, San Khin Ohnmar, Myint Wai Wai, Aye San San, Nge Pyone Thuzar
Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar), Yangon, Myanmar.
National AIDS Program, Department of Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2013 Jan-Mar;2(1):41-46. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.115837.
There is very limited information available on HIV related orphans and vulnerable children (HIV-OVC) in Myanmar. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify and compare the social, education and health consequences among HIV-OVC and children from the families not related to HIV in the same neighbourhoods (neighbouring children).
A cross-sectional, comparative survey was carried out in three geographical locations. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with guardians and children using a pretested structured questionnaire including Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for behavioural problems. Outcome measures were compared using Chi-squared test or 't' test or 'Rank-sum' test.
A total of 300 HIV-OVC and 300 neighbouring children were included. A greater number of HIV-OVC than their neighbouring children have experienced family displacement from their original homes (27% and 1%), child/sibling displacement (20% and 2.7%) and family dispersion (20.3% and 1.3%) (P < 0.001). More guardians of HIV-OVC reported that the disease affected their children's education (28.2% and 16.3%; P < 0.05). Fifteen per cent of HIV-OVC and 10.5% of neighbouring children had to work for their families (P < 0.05). Psychological condition was assessed on emotional, conduct, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship and prosocial behaviour. A greater number of HIV-OVC were noted in the abnormal category with regard to hyperactivity and prosocial behaviours (P < 0.05).
Higher incidence of social and psychological consequences among HIV-OVC call for more community support programmes and creation of job opportunities to minimize social impact in the affected families. Future programmes should focus on counselling of HIV-OVC and providing psychological support.
缅甸关于与艾滋病病毒相关的孤儿和弱势儿童（HIV-OVC）的可用信息非常有限。因此，本研究的目的是识别并比较HIV-OVC与来自同一社区中与艾滋病病毒无关家庭的儿童（邻童）在社会、教育和健康方面的后果。
在三个地理位置开展了一项横断面比较调查。使用经过预测试的结构化问卷对监护人及儿童进行面对面访谈，问卷包括用于评估行为问题的长处与困难问卷（SDQ）。采用卡方检验、“t”检验或“秩和”检验对结果指标进行比较。
共纳入300名HIV-OVC和300名邻童。与邻童相比，有更多HIV-OVC经历过家庭从原住所流离失所（分别为27%和1%）、儿童/兄弟姐妹流离失所（分别为20%和2.7%）以及家庭离散（分别为20.3%和1.3%）（P<0.001）。更多HIV-OVC的监护人报告称该疾病影响了孩子的教育（分别为28.2%和16.3%；P<0.05）。15%的HIV-OVC和10.5%的邻童不得不为家庭工作（P<0.05）。从情绪、行为、多动/注意力不集中、同伴关系和亲社会行为方面对心理状况进行了评估。在多动和亲社会行为方面，HIV-OVC中处于异常类别的人数更多（P<0.05）。
HIV-OVC在社会和心理方面后果的更高发生率要求开展更多社区支持项目并创造就业机会，以尽量减少对受影响家庭的社会影响。未来的项目应侧重于为HIV-OVC提供咨询并给予心理支持。
