Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Genitofemoral Nerve

The genitofemoral nerve arises from the lumbar plexus (see Genitofemoral Nerve) and supplies sensation to the skin of the anterior scrotal area in males, mons pubis in women, and the upper segment of the anterior thigh in both males and females. While distinct from the femoral nerve, the genitofemoral nerve originates from the upper lumbar segments L1 to L2. The nerve then descends inferiorly, piercing the psoas major muscle before emerging on its anterior surface. The nerve then traverses the retroperitoneum, descending over the anterior surface of the psoas muscle. The nerve continues inferiorly, ultimately separating into two divisions- the femoral and the genital branches. When the genitofemoral nerve reaches the groin area, it enters the deep inguinal ring coursing through the inguinal canal. In men, the nerve continues inferiorly and supplies the skin of the scrotum. In women, the genitofemoral nerve runs alongside the round ligament of the uterus and terminates superior to the mons pubis and labia majora. Further, after crossing the inguinal ligament, the genitofemoral nerve travels adjacent to the external iliac artery, supplying sensation to the anterior upper thigh.