a Luxembourg Institute of Health , Strassen , Luxembourg.
b CNRS UMR 7282 EIPL , Marseille , France.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018;58(13):2239-2261. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1315362. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding food's digestive fate in order to strengthen the possible effects of food on human health. Ideally, food digestion should be studied in vivo on humans but this is not always ethically and financially possible. Therefore, simple in vitro digestion models mimicking the gastrointestinal tract have been proposed as alternatives to in vivo experiments. Thus, it is no surprise that these models are increasingly used by the scientific community, although their various limitations to fully mirror the complexity of the digestive tract. Therefore, the objective of this article was to call upon the collective experiences of scientists involved in Infogest (an international network on food digestion) to review and reflect on the applications of in vitro digestion models, the parameters assessed in such studies and the physiological relevance of the data generated when compared to in vivo data. The authors provide a comprehensive review in vitro and in vivo digestion studies investigating the digestion of macronutrients (i.e., proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) as well as studies of the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of micronutrients and phytochemicals. The main conclusion is that evidences show that despite the simplicity of in vitro models they are often very useful in predicting outcomes of the digestion in vivo. However, this has relies on the complexity of in vitro models and their tuning toward answering specific questions related to human digestion physiology, which leaves a vast room for future studies and improvements.
在过去的十年中，人们越来越关注了解食物在人体内的消化命运，以便加强食物对人类健康的可能影响。理想情况下，应该在人体上进行食物消化的体内研究，但这在伦理和经济上并不总是可行的。因此，人们提出了简单的模拟胃肠道的体外消化模型作为体内实验的替代方法。因此，这些模型越来越被科学界所采用也就不足为奇了，尽管它们存在各种限制，无法完全反映消化道的复杂性。因此，本文的目的是呼吁参与 Infogest（一个关于食物消化的国际网络）的科学家们共同探讨和反思体外消化模型的应用、这些研究中评估的参数以及与体内数据相比生成的数据的生理相关性。作者对体外和体内消化研究进行了全面回顾，这些研究调查了宏量营养素（即蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物）的消化情况，以及微量营养素和植物化学物质的生物可及性和生物利用度的研究。主要结论是，有证据表明，尽管体外模型很简单，但它们通常非常有助于预测体内消化的结果。然而，这取决于体外模型的复杂性及其对回答与人类消化生理学相关的特定问题的调整，这为未来的研究和改进留下了广阔的空间。
