Feitosa Renato Castiglia
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos. 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2017 Jun;22(6):2037-2048. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232017226.15522016.
Submarine outfalls are proposed as an efficient alternative for the final destination of wastewater in densely populated coastal areas, due to the high dispersal capacity and the clearance of organic matter in the marine environment, and because they require small areas for implementation. This paper evaluates the probability of unsuitable bathing conditions in coastal areas nearby to the Ipanema, Barra da Tijuca and Icaraí outfalls based on a computational methodology gathering hydrodynamic, pollutant transport, and bacterial decay modelling. The results show a strong influence of solar radiation and all factors that mitigate its levels in the marine environment on coliform concentration. The aforementioned outfalls do not pollute the coastal areas, and unsuitable bathing conditions are restricted to nearby effluent launching points. The pollution observed at the beaches indicates that the contamination occurs due to the polluted estuarine systems, rivers and canals that flow to the coast.
由于具有高扩散能力以及能清除海洋环境中的有机物，且实施所需面积较小，海底排污口被提议作为人口密集沿海地区废水最终排放的一种有效替代方案。本文基于一种综合水动力、污染物输运和细菌衰减建模的计算方法，评估了伊帕内玛、蒂茹卡巴拉和伊卡拉伊排污口附近沿海地区出现不适合游泳条件的可能性。结果表明，太阳辐射以及所有降低其在海洋环境中水平的因素对大肠菌群浓度有很大影响。上述排污口并未污染沿海地区，不适合游泳的条件仅限于附近的污水排放点。海滩上观察到的污染表明，污染是由流入海岸的受污染河口系统、河流和运河造成的。
