Gayet Rémi, Bioley Gilles, Rochereau Nicolas, Paul Stéphane, Corthésy Blaise
Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Saint-Etienne, France.
R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Epalinges, Switzerland.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2017 Jun 14;81(3). doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00007-17. Print 2017 Sep.
subspecies includes several serovars infecting both humans and other animals and leading to typhoid fever or gastroenteritis. The high prevalence of associated morbidity and mortality, together with an increased emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, is a current global health issue that has prompted the development of vaccination strategies that confer protection against most serovars. Currently available systemic vaccine approaches have major limitations, including a reduced effectiveness in young children and a lack of cross-protection among different strains. Having studied host-pathogen interactions, microbiologists and immunologists argue in favor of topical gastrointestinal administration for improvement in vaccine efficacy. Here, recent advances in this field are summarized, including mechanisms of bacterial uptake at the intestinal epithelium, the assessment of protective host immunity, and improved animal models that closely mimic infection in humans. The pros and cons of existing vaccines are presented, along with recent progress made with novel formulations. Finally, new candidate antigens and their relevance in the refined design of anti- vaccines are discussed, along with antigen vectorization strategies such as nanoparticles or secretory immunoglobulins, with a focus on potentiating mucosal vaccine efficacy.
亚种包括几种血清型，可感染人类和其他动物并导致伤寒热或肠胃炎。相关发病率和死亡率居高不下，以及多重耐药菌株的出现日益增加，这是当前一个全球健康问题，促使人们开发能针对大多数血清型提供保护的疫苗接种策略。目前可用的全身疫苗方法存在重大局限性，包括对幼儿有效性降低以及不同菌株之间缺乏交叉保护。在研究了宿主-病原体相互作用后，微生物学家和免疫学家主张采用局部胃肠道给药方式来提高疫苗效力。在此，总结了该领域的最新进展，包括细菌在肠上皮的摄取机制、保护性宿主免疫的评估以及能紧密模拟人类感染的改进动物模型。介绍了现有疫苗的优缺点以及新型制剂取得的最新进展。最后，讨论了新的候选抗原及其在精制抗疫苗设计中的相关性，以及纳米颗粒或分泌型免疫球蛋白等抗原载体策略，重点是增强黏膜疫苗效力。
