1Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; and.
2King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
J Neurosurg. 2018 Apr;128(4):1147-1157. doi: 10.3171/2017.1.JNS161070. Epub 2017 Jun 16.
OBJECTIVE Insular epilepsy is relatively rare; however, exploring the insular cortex when preoperative workup raises the suspicion of insular epilepsy is of paramount importance for accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone and achievement of seizure freedom. The authors review their clinical experience with stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrode implantation in patients with medically intractable epilepsy and suspected insular involvement. METHODS A total of 198 consecutive cases in which patients underwent SEEG implantation with a total of 1556 electrodes between June 2009 and April 2013 were reviewed. The authors identified patients with suspected insular involvement based on seizure semiology, scalp EEG data, and preoperative imaging (MRI, PET, and SPECT or magnetoencephalography [MEG]). Patients with at least 1 insular electrode based on the postoperative 3D reconstruction of CT fused with the preoperative MRI were included. RESULTS One hundred thirty-five patients with suspected insular epilepsy underwent insular implantation of a total of 303 electrodes (1-6 insular electrodes per patient) with a total of 562 contacts. Two hundred sixty-eight electrodes (88.5%) were implanted orthogonally through the frontoparietal or temporal operculum (420 contacts). Thirty-five electrodes (11.5%) were implanted by means of an oblique trajectory either through a frontal or a parietal entry point (142 contacts). Nineteen patients (14.07%) had insular electrodes placed bilaterally. Twenty-three patients (17.04% of the insular implantation group and 11.6% of the whole SEEG cohort) were confirmed by SEEG to have ictal onset zones in the insula. None of the patients experienced any intracerebral hemorrhage related to the insular electrodes. After insular resection, 5 patients (33.3%) had Engel Class I outcomes, 6 patients (40%) had Engel Class II, 3 patients (20%) had Engel Class III, and 1 patient (6.66%) had Engel Class IV. CONCLUSIONS Insula exploration with stereotactically placed depth electrodes is a safe technique. Orthogonal electrodes are implanted when the hypothesis suggests opercular involvement; however, oblique electrodes allow a higher insular sampling rate.
目的 岛叶癫痫相对少见;然而,当术前检查提示存在岛叶癫痫时,对岛叶皮层进行探查对于准确定位致痫区和实现无癫痫发作至关重要。作者回顾了他们在 2009 年 6 月至 2013 年 4 月期间对 198 例药物难治性癫痫伴疑似岛叶受累患者进行立体脑电图(SEEG)电极植入的临床经验。
方法 共回顾了 198 例连续患者的病例,这些患者共植入了 1556 个电极进行 SEEG 植入。作者根据发作半侧性、头皮 EEG 数据和术前影像学(MRI、PET、SPECT 或脑磁图 [MEG])来确定疑似岛叶受累的患者。根据术后 CT 与术前 MRI 的三维重建,至少有 1 个岛叶电极的患者被纳入研究。
结果 135 例疑似岛叶癫痫患者共植入 303 个电极(每位患者 1-6 个岛叶电极),共 562 个触点。268 个电极(88.5%)通过额顶或颞叶瓣状突垂直植入(420 个触点)。35 个电极(11.5%)通过额部或顶部分支入路以斜形轨迹植入(142 个触点)。19 例患者(14.07%的岛叶电极植入患者和整个 SEEG 队列的 11.6%)通过 SEEG 证实岛叶有癫痫发作起始区。所有患者均未发生与岛叶电极相关的颅内出血。岛叶切除后,5 例(33.3%)患者达到 Engel Ⅰ级,6 例(40%)患者达到 Engel Ⅱ级,3 例(20%)患者达到 Engel Ⅲ级,1 例(6.66%)患者达到 Engel Ⅳ级。
结论 立体定向放置深部电极探查岛叶是一种安全的技术。当假设涉及瓣状突时,植入垂直电极;然而,斜形电极可以提高岛叶的采样率。
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