Palmer Stephen E, Langlois Thomas A
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Perception. 2017 Jul;46(7):815-829. doi: 10.1177/0301006617694189. Epub 2017 Jan 1.
Palmer, Gardner, and Wickens studied aesthetic preferences for pictures of single objects and found a strong inward bias: Right-facing objects were preferred left-of-center and left-facing objects right-of-center. They found no effect of object motion (people and cars showed the same inward bias as chairs and teapots), but the objects were not depicted as moving. Here we measured analogous inward biases with objects depicted as moving with an implied direction and speed by having participants drag-and-drop target objects into the most aesthetically pleasing position. In Experiment 1, human figures were shown diving or falling while moving forward or backward. Aesthetic biases were evident for both inward-facing and inward-moving figures, but the motion-based bias dominated so strongly that backward divers or fallers were preferred moving inward but facing outward. Experiment 2 investigated implied speed effects using images of humans, horses, and cars moving at different speeds (e.g., standing, walking, trotting, and galloping horses). Inward motion or facing biases were again present, and differences in their magnitude due to speed were evident. Unexpectedly, faster moving objects were generally preferred closer to frame center than slower moving objects. These results are discussed in terms of the combined effects of prospective, future-oriented biases, and retrospective, past-oriented biases.
帕尔默、加德纳和威肯斯研究了对单个物体图片的审美偏好，发现了一种强烈的向内偏向：右侧朝向的物体在中心左侧更受青睐，左侧朝向的物体在中心右侧更受青睐。他们发现物体运动没有影响（人和汽车与椅子和茶壶表现出相同的向内偏向），但物体没有被描绘为正在移动。在这里，我们通过让参与者将目标物体拖放到最美观的位置，来测量当物体被描绘为以隐含的方向和速度移动时类似的向内偏向。在实验1中，展示了人物向前或向后移动时潜水或坠落的画面。对于向内朝向和向内移动的人物，审美偏向都很明显，但基于运动的偏向占主导地位，以至于向后潜水或坠落的人物更受青睐的是向内移动但向外朝向。实验2使用以不同速度移动的人物、马和汽车的图像研究了隐含速度效应（例如，站立、行走、小跑和飞奔的马）。向内运动或朝向偏向再次出现，并且由于速度导致的它们在大小上的差异很明显。出乎意料的是，与较慢移动的物体相比，较快移动的物体通常更受青睐于靠近画面中心。这些结果从前瞻性、面向未来的偏向和回顾性、面向过去的偏向的综合影响方面进行了讨论。
