De Vallière Serge
Centre de vaccination et médecine des voyages, Policlinique médicale universitaire, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.
Service des maladies infectieuses, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.
Rev Med Suisse. 2017 May 3;13(561):944-947.
Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem which affects also tropical countries. Travelers to these regions expose themselves to the risk of being colonised and infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria. The region visited, the occurrence of diarrhoea and the use of antibiotics are the principal risk factors leading to colonisation with multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, which can affect up to 80% of travellers. Colonisation with meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant enterococci are often due to contacts with the health care system of the visited country. For the practitioner evaluating a patient returning from abroad it is important to consider the risk of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteriae. Screening for these bacteriae in the stool or by mucocutaneous swabs can be discussed in certain situations.
抗菌药物耐药性是一个全球性问题，热带国家也深受其害。前往这些地区的旅行者面临被多重耐药菌定植和感染的风险。前往的地区、腹泻的发生情况以及抗生素的使用是导致多重耐药肠杆菌科细菌定植的主要风险因素，多达80%的旅行者可能受到影响。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素肠球菌的定植通常是由于与所访问国家的医疗保健系统接触所致。对于评估从国外归来患者的医生而言，考虑多重耐药菌感染的风险非常重要。在某些情况下，可以讨论对粪便或通过黏膜皮肤拭子进行这些细菌的筛查。
