Baranauskas Marissa N, Miller Brian, Olson Jordan T, Boltz Michelle, Richardson Laura, Juravich Matthew, Otterstetter Ronald
a School of Public Health , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana.
c School of Nutrition and Dietetics , The University of Akron , Akron , Ohio.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2017 Jul;36(5):370-377. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1311812. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
Although current sports nutrition recommendations advocate for a high carbohydrate (CHO) intake among endurance athletes, recent research has suggested that training with low CHO availability may augment adaptations to aerobic training. The purpose of this study was to observe the dietary habits of collegiate distance runners and to investigate the effects of habitual CHO intake on aerobic performance [VO(post)] during a competitive season.
During an 8-week trial period, 12 (N = 12) collegiate track athletes recorded their self-selected dietary intake via 24-hour recall. Analysis of CHO intake was conducted by a registered dietitian. Pre [VO (pre)] and post [VO (post)] season aerobic capacity assessments were performed using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with 2 covariates controlling for VO (pre) and CHO intake compared to the variance in VO (pre) and VO (post) by sex.
The average CHO was 4.11 ± 1.03 g/kg body mass (BM), with only one female athlete meeting dietary recommendations, consuming ≥ 6 g/kg BM. Male distance runners on average had a lower CHO than females. After adjusting for VO (pre) and CHO, there were statistically significant differences between VO (post) group means by sex with a difference of 12.62 ml/kg/min (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12-23.12, p = 0.02), with CHO accounting for 18% of the variance in VO (post).
Collegiate distance runners exhibited marked improvements in maximal aerobic capacity during the in-season while consuming a marginally low-CHO diet, with a predominant effect in males. Therefore, CHO intakes below current recommendations for endurance athletes might not be detrimental to aerobic training adaptations.
尽管目前的运动营养建议提倡耐力运动员摄入高碳水化合物（CHO），但最近的研究表明，在低CHO可利用性状态下进行训练可能会增强对有氧训练的适应性。本研究的目的是观察大学生长跑运动员的饮食习惯，并调查在竞争赛季中习惯性CHO摄入量对有氧能力[VO₂（post）]的影响。
在为期8周的试验期内，12名（N = 12）大学生田径运动员通过24小时回忆法记录他们自行选择的饮食摄入量。CHO摄入量由注册营养师进行分析。赛季前[VO₂（pre）]和赛季后[VO₂（post）]的有氧能力评估采用单因素协方差分析（ANCOVA），控制VO₂（pre）和CHO摄入量这两个协变量，并与按性别划分的VO₂（pre）和VO₂（post）的方差进行比较。
平均CHO摄入量为4.11±1.03克/千克体重（BM），只有一名女运动员达到饮食建议，即摄入≥6克/千克BM。男性长跑运动员的平均CHO摄入量低于女性。在对VO₂（pre）和CHO进行调整后，按性别划分的VO₂（post）组均值之间存在统计学显著差异，差值为12.62毫升/千克/分钟（95%置信区间[CI]，2.12 - 23.12，p = 0.02），其中CHO占VO₂（post）方差的18%。
大学生长跑运动员在赛季中摄入略低CHO饮食的情况下，最大有氧能力有显著提高，对男性的影响尤为明显。因此，低于目前耐力运动员建议摄入量的CHO摄入可能不会对有氧训练适应性产生不利影响。
