Moqadam Milad, Frank Konstantin, Handayan Christina, Hakami Mustafa, Benslimane Fahd, Gotkin Robert H, Sadick Neil S, Cotofana Sebastian
J Drugs Dermatol. 2017 May 1;16(5):471-477.
Background: Individualized neuromodulator injections of the forehead are increasingly important to maximize patient safety and satisfaction and to yield the best aesthetic outcome. To assess the location of maximal muscle contraction, it would beneficial to relate the shape and location of the forehead lines to the morphology of the underlying frontalis muscle.
Materials and Methods: We investigated the shape of forehead lines and their relationship to the morphology of the underlying frontalis muscle using anatomic dissection in a sample of 31 human body donors, with a mean age at death of 77.2 ± 13.2 years (range, 47-93) of which n=29 (93.5%) were of Caucasian and n=2 (6.5%) of African-American ethnicity and of which n=16 (51.6%) were females (n=15 males; 48.4%).
Results: Horizontal forehead lines were classified into straight n=13 (41.9%) and wavy n=18 (58.1%) lines. The presence of wavy forehead lines (as compared to straight lines) was significantly related to the presence of a midline aponeurosis (r = 0.69; P less than 0.001) and to a greater muscle fascicle angle (12.67 ± 2.60° vs 10.18 ± 2.12°) (r = 0.47; P less than 0.001), but was not statistical significantly influenced by age, gender, or ethnicity (all P greater than 0.05).
Conclusion: According to the shape of the forehead lines, physicians can appreciate the morphology of the underlying frontalis muscle. This understanding will facilitate more accurate neuromodulator injections and a better aesthetic outcome. It may also result in decreased dosages and increased injection intervals for maximal patient safety.
IV
J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(5):471-477.
.背景：前额个性化神经调节剂注射对于最大限度提高患者安全性和满意度以及获得最佳美学效果日益重要。为了评估最大肌肉收缩的位置，将前额纹的形状和位置与额肌的形态联系起来会很有帮助。
材料与方法：我们在31例人体捐赠者样本中进行解剖研究，以调查前额纹的形状及其与额肌形态的关系。这些捐赠者的平均死亡年龄为77.2±13.2岁（范围47 - 93岁），其中29例（93.5%）为白种人，2例（6.5%）为非裔美国人，16例（51.6%）为女性（15例男性；48.4%）。
结果：水平前额纹分为直线型（n = 13，41.9%）和波浪型（n = 18，58.1%）。波浪型前额纹（与直线型相比）的存在与中线腱膜的存在显著相关（r = 0.69；P＜0.001），且与更大的肌束角度相关（12.67±2.60°对10.18±2.12°）（r = 0.47；P＜0.001），但不受年龄、性别或种族的统计学显著影响（所有P＞0.05）。
结论：根据前额纹的形状，医生可以了解额肌的形态。这种理解将有助于更准确地注射神经调节剂并获得更好的美学效果。它还可能导致剂量减少和注射间隔延长，以最大限度提高患者安全性。
IV
《药物皮肤病学杂志》。2017年；16(5):471 - 477。
