Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 1;601-602:1733-1742. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.257. Epub 2017 Jun 13.
Many surveys have shown that older children are ubiquitously exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), and many laboratory studies have shown that BPA exposure has adverse effects related to estrogenic disruption, whereas the evidence in infants has not yet been observed.
Women in early pregnancy were recruited by the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Daishan, China, from March 2012 to December 2014. After delivery, urine samples were collected from the diapers of 59 infants (0 to 6months of age). Urinary BPA, estradiol (E), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and creatinine were analyzed. The partial correlation and multivariable linear regression were applied to assess the associations of BPA with E, T, FSH, and LH for each of the development stages: at birth, 14days, 28days, 42days, 3months, and 6months.
For both genders from birth to 6months, infants showed randomly changed urinary BPA but regularly changed hormones, i.e., the monotonic decreasing E and T, the "U" shaping E/T and upside down "U" shaping FSH and LH with extreme values at approximately the 14-day stage, respectively. However, the creatinine-adjusted FSH for all stages and E from 6months were genders different. After adjustment for creatinine, gender, and infant body mass index, BPA was positively associated with E both in male (for 14-, 28-, and 42-day stages) and female (for 14-, 28-, 42-day, and 3-month stages) infants; positively associated with E/T ratio in both male (for 14- and 28-day stages) and female (for 14-day stage) infants; and positively associated with T in female (for 3-month stage) infants.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that associations of BPA with E, E/T, and T in infant urine were observed. The results suggested that the infants first demonstrate a surge of steroids after leaving the maternal uterus's steroidogenic environment (i.e., mini-puberty) and may be affected by BPA; this pollution may disrupt the premature gonad function at some important developmental windows.
许多调查显示，大龄儿童普遍接触双酚 A（BPA），许多实验室研究表明，BPA 暴露会对雌激素产生不利影响，而婴儿的证据尚未观察到。
中国岱山母婴保健和计划生育服务中心于 2012 年 3 月至 2014 年 12 月招募了早孕妇女。分娩后，从 59 名婴儿（0-6 个月大）的尿布中收集尿液样本。分析尿液中的 BPA、雌二醇（E）、睾丸激素（T）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）和肌酐。应用偏相关和多元线性回归来评估 BPA 与出生时、14 天、28 天、42 天、3 个月和 6 个月时 E、T、FSH 和 LH 的相关性。
对于出生到 6 个月的男婴和女婴，尿液中的 BPA 呈随机变化，但激素呈规律变化，即雌二醇和睾丸激素呈单调下降，E/T 呈“U”形，FSH 和 LH 呈倒“U”形，极值分别出现在大约 14 天阶段。然而，所有阶段的肌酐校正后的 FSH 和 6 个月时的 E 都有性别差异。在调整肌酐、性别和婴儿体重指数后，BPA 与男性婴儿的 E（14、28 和 42 天阶段）和女性婴儿的 E（14、28、42 和 3 个月阶段）均呈正相关；与男性婴儿的 E/T 比值（14 和 28 天阶段）和女性婴儿的 E/T 比值（14 天阶段）均呈正相关；与女性婴儿的 T（3 个月阶段）呈正相关。
据我们所知，这是首次观察到 BPA 与婴儿尿液中的 E、E/T 和 T 之间的关联。结果表明，婴儿离开母体的类固醇生成环境（即微小青春期）后，首先会出现类固醇激增，可能会受到 BPA 的影响；这种污染可能会在一些重要的发育窗口期扰乱早期性腺功能。
