Personalized Management Approach for OSA.

OSA is a heterogeneous disorder. If left untreated, it has major health, safety, and economic consequences. In addition to varying levels of impairment in pharyngeal anatomy (narrow/collapsible airway), nonanatomical "phenotypic traits" are also important contributors to OSA for most patients. However, the majority of existing therapies (eg, CPAP, oral appliances, weight loss, positional therapy, upper airway surgery) target only the anatomical cause. These are typically administered as monotherapy according to a trial and error management approach in which the majority of patients are first prescribed CPAP. Despite its high efficacy, CPAP adherence remains unacceptably low, and second-line therapies have variable and unpredictable efficacies. Recent advances in knowledge regarding the multiple causes of OSA using respiratory phenotyping techniques have identified new targets or "treatable traits" to direct therapy. Identification of the traits and development of therapies that selectively target one or more of the treatable traits has the potential to personalize the management of this chronic health condition to optimize patient outcomes according to precision medicine principles. This brief review highlights the latest developments and emerging therapies for personalized management approaches for OSA.