Dorce Ana Leticia Coronado, Martins Adriana do Nascimento, Dorce Valquiria Abrão Coronado, Nencioni Ana Leonor Abrahão
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil.
Graduate Program in Sciences - Toxinology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900 Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2017 Jun 14;23:31. doi: 10.1186/s40409-017-0121-z. eCollection 2017.
Scorpion envenomation is a public health problem, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. Considering the high incidence of scorpionism in some areas, pregnant women and nursing mothers may be possible victims. Scorpion stings alter the release of neurotransmitters and some cytokines. These mediators act as organizers and programmers in the adequate formation of the nerves, and non-physiological concentrations of them during the brain organization originate disorders and diseases that can appear later in the life of the individual. Despite the importance of this subject, there are only a few studies showing the effects of scorpion venom on maternal reproductive development, in the morphology and physical and behavioral development of offspring. The present review article summarizes the major findings on this issue. Biochemical changes in the blood - such as hyperglycemia, increase on the level of sodium and on the creatinine concentration - are observed after scorpion sting in humans and experimental animals. Some studies in the literature demonstrate that the scorpion venom affects the maternal reproductive development in humans and in experimental animals, increasing the frequency and amplitude of uterine contraction and the number of resorptions. The venom can also lead to some alterations in the embryonic or fetal development increasing the total weight of fetuses and of some organs. Moreover, it affects the general activity and locomotion during childhood and adulthood, and the anxiety level in adult females and males. It also alters the number of hippocampal neurons and interferes in the level of some cytokines. Altogether, it is evident that the venom, when administered during the pregnancy or lactation, affects the development of the offspring. Studies are being conducted to determine the actual participation of the venom in the development of the offspring, and to what extent they are detrimental to animal development.
蝎子蜇伤是一个公共卫生问题，在热带和亚热带国家尤为突出。鉴于某些地区蝎子中毒的高发病率，孕妇和哺乳期母亲可能成为受害者。蝎子蜇伤会改变神经递质和一些细胞因子的释放。这些介质在神经的正常形成过程中起着组织者和编程者的作用，在大脑发育过程中它们的非生理浓度会引发疾病，这些疾病可能在个体后期生活中出现。尽管这个问题很重要，但只有少数研究表明蝎子毒液对母体生殖发育、后代形态以及身体和行为发育的影响。本综述文章总结了关于这个问题的主要研究结果。在人类和实验动物被蝎子蜇伤后，会观察到血液中的生化变化，如高血糖、钠水平升高和肌酐浓度增加。文献中的一些研究表明，蝎子毒液会影响人类和实验动物的母体生殖发育，增加子宫收缩的频率和幅度以及吸收的数量。毒液还会导致胚胎或胎儿发育出现一些变化，增加胎儿和某些器官的总重量。此外，它会影响儿童期和成年期的一般活动和运动能力，以及成年雌性和雄性的焦虑水平。它还会改变海马神经元的数量，并干扰一些细胞因子的水平。总之，很明显，在怀孕或哺乳期间注射毒液会影响后代的发育。目前正在进行研究，以确定毒液在后代发育中的实际作用，以及它们对动物发育的有害程度。
