Zou Yang, Wang Yajing, Deng Youfei, Cao Zhijun, Li Shengli, Wang Jiufeng
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing, 100192 China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2017 Jun 1;8:53. doi: 10.1186/s40104-017-0182-4. eCollection 2017.
The present experiment was performed to assess the effects of different sources of milk on the growth performance, serum metabolism, immunity, and intestinal development of calves. Eighty-four Holstein male neonatal calves were assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: those that received bunk tank milk (BTM), untreated waste milk (UWM), pasteurized waste milk (PWM), and acidified waste milk (AWM) for 21 d.
Calves in the BTM and AWM groups consumed more starter ( < 0.05) than those in the UWM group. Average daily gain in the UWM group was the highest ( < 0.05). Calves exhibited the highest ( < 0.05) serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, growth hormone, immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM concentrations in the UWM group, highest malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α in the PWM group ( < 0.05), and highest glutathione peroxidase and IgG in the BTM group ( < 0.05). The jejunum and ileum of the calves in all treatments presented a slight inflammatory response. The jejunal inflammation scores were higher ( < 0.05) in the UWM and AWM groups than the BTM group; the ileal inflammation scores increased more ( < 0.05) in the AWM group than the BTM group. Jejunal immunohistochemical scores (IHS) were higher ( < 0.05) in the PWM and AWM groups than the BTM group. Compared to the other three groups, calves feeding on BTM had lower ( < 0.05) ileal IHS. Jejunal , , and mRNA expression in the UWM group was the highest ( < 0.05). Calves fed AWM increased ( < 0.05) mRNA expression of and in the jejunum and , , , , and in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
Overall, bunk tank milk is the best choice for calf raising compared to waste milk. The efficiency of feeding pasteurized and acidified waste milk are comparable, and the acidification of waste milk is an acceptable labor-saving and diarrhea-preventing feed for young calves.
本实验旨在评估不同来源的牛奶对犊牛生长性能、血清代谢、免疫力和肠道发育的影响。将84头荷斯坦雄性新生犊牛分配到以下四个处理组之一：分别给予罐储牛奶（BTM）、未处理的废牛奶（UWM）、巴氏杀菌废牛奶（PWM）和酸化废牛奶（AWM），为期21天。
BTM组和AWM组的犊牛比UWM组的犊牛消耗更多的开食料（P<0.05）。UWM组的平均日增重最高（P<0.05）。UWM组犊牛的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、生长激素、免疫球蛋白（Ig）A和IgM浓度最高（P<0.05），PWM组的丙二醛和肿瘤坏死因子-α最高（P<0.05），BTM组的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和IgG最高（P<0.05）。所有处理组犊牛的空肠和回肠均呈现轻微炎症反应。UWM组和AWM组的空肠炎症评分高于BTM组（P<0.05）；AWM组的回肠炎症评分比BTM组增加更多（P<0.05）。PWM组和AWM组的空肠免疫组化评分（IHS）高于BTM组（P<0.05）。与其他三组相比，采食BTM的犊牛回肠IHS较低（P<0.05）。UWM组空肠中、、和mRNA表达最高（P<0.05）。饲喂AWM的犊牛空肠中、和mRNA表达增加（P<0.05），肠系膜淋巴结中、、、、和mRNA表达增加（P<0.05）。
总体而言，与废牛奶相比，罐储牛奶是犊牛饲养的最佳选择。巴氏杀菌废牛奶和酸化废牛奶的饲喂效果相当，废牛奶酸化是一种可接受的、省力且能预防犊牛腹泻的饲料。
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