NIZO B.V., 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands.
Systems Bioinformatics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2017 Aug 1;41(Supp_1):S201-S219. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux024.
Experimental evolution of microbes has gained lots of interest in recent years, mainly due to the ease of strain characterisation through next-generation sequencing. While evolutionary and systems biologists use experimental evolution to address fundamental questions in their respective fields, studies with lactic acid bacteria are often more directed by applied questions. Insight into population and genome dynamics are valuable for experimental design and data interpretation, and it is becoming increasingly apparent how different constraints limit and govern the outcome of microbial adaptation to a selective environment. Examples for such constraints are the finite membrane and cellular space which can lead to trade-offs between cellular strategies. A powerful perspective is that of resource allocation, which allows cells to maximise fitness. This impacts on metabolic strategies that have different protein/resource demands. This review focuses on parameters and forces that shape cellular optimisation processes and that are determining for the outcome of laboratory evolution experiments. Phenotypic changes of experimentally evolved lactic acid bacteria will be discussed in the light of the selection conditions and the prevailing constraints.
近年来，微生物的实验进化引起了广泛关注，主要是因为通过下一代测序可以轻松进行菌株特征描述。虽然进化和系统生物学家利用实验进化来解决各自领域的基本问题，但乳酸菌的研究通常更多地受到应用问题的指导。深入了解种群和基因组动态对于实验设计和数据解释非常有价值，并且越来越明显的是，不同的限制因素如何限制和控制微生物对选择性环境的适应结果。这种限制的一个例子是有限的膜和细胞空间，这可能导致细胞策略之间的权衡。一个有力的观点是资源分配，它允许细胞最大限度地提高适应性。这会影响具有不同蛋白质/资源需求的代谢策略。本文重点介绍了影响细胞优化过程并决定实验室进化实验结果的参数和力量。实验进化的乳酸菌的表型变化将根据选择条件和当前的限制因素进行讨论。
