Nusseck Manfred, Richter Bernhard, Spahn Claudia, Echternach Matthias
a Freiburg Institute for Musician's Medicine, University of Music Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg , Germany.
Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2018 Apr;43(1):1-10. doi: 10.1080/14015439.2017.1295104. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
Teachers are at a considerable risk of developing vocal health problems due to intensive voice use during teaching. This study investigated factors related to the teacher's voice during a teaching situation.
Overall, 113 teachers were recorded during a typical class lesson, lasting on average 48 min. A portable voice dosimeter (VoxLog System) was used to measure the sound pressure level (SPL) of the noise in the classroom, the teacher's voice SPL, the fundamental frequency (f) and the phonation time. General conditions of each lesson such as number of pupils, lesson subject and the educational level of the class were also collected. For the analysis, vocal loading doses and correlations between teacher's voice and noise SPL were calculated.
Voice and noise SPL values varied across the lesson subjects, with highest levels measured in sports lessons. The mean noise SPL changed throughout a lesson with highest values at the beginning and at the end of the lessons. The correlation analysis of voice and noise SPL identified two groups of teachers with different vocal SPL behaviours. For some teachers, the voice SPL varied with the noise SPL. For others, voice SPL was constantly high. A regression model on the teacher's voice SPL yielded a strong correlation with f, the classroom noise SPL, and the individual vocal SPL behaviour.
Classroom noise SPL and individual vocal SPL behaviour were significantly associated with teachers' voice SPL during teaching. Addressing these factors could be important steps in reducing the vocal load in teachers.
由于教学过程中频繁使用嗓音，教师面临着出现嗓音健康问题的重大风险。本研究调查了教学过程中与教师嗓音相关的因素。
总体而言，在一节典型的课程中对113名教师进行了录音，课程平均时长为48分钟。使用便携式嗓音剂量计（VoxLog系统）测量教室中的噪音声压级（SPL）、教师的嗓音SPL、基频（f）和发声时间。还收集了每节课的一般情况，如学生人数、课程主题和班级的教育水平。在分析中，计算了嗓音负荷剂量以及教师嗓音与噪音SPL之间的相关性。
嗓音和噪音SPL值因课程主题而异，体育课中的测量值最高。一节课中平均噪音SPL会发生变化，在课程开始和结束时的值最高。嗓音与噪音SPL的相关性分析确定了两组具有不同嗓音SPL行为的教师。对于一些教师来说，嗓音SPL随噪音SPL而变化。对于另一些教师来说，嗓音SPL一直很高。教师嗓音SPL的回归模型与f、教室噪音SPL和个体嗓音SPL行为有很强的相关性。
教室噪音SPL和个体嗓音SPL行为与教学过程中教师的嗓音SPL显著相关。解决这些因素可能是减轻教师嗓音负荷的重要步骤。
